What is daltons law
In a mixture of gas the total pressure of the gas is equal to sum of the partial pressures of all the indivudal gasses in the mixture
What is the formula for partial pressure
(Partial pressure of gas) = (barometric pressure) x (fraction of gas)
As altitude increases what causes partial pressure of oxygen to decrease
decrease in the barometric pressure
When barometric pressure decreases what happens to partial pressure of oxygen in the blood
it decreases
True or false: during exercise our cells are under normoxic conditions
false: during exercise hemoglobin saturation drops, this causes less O2 binding and thus mimics hypoxic state
What happens to venous blood and the alevolia as as arterial partial pressure of O2 drops (high altitude)
this reduces the pressure gradient between venous blood and the alveoli which reduce the O2 saturation
what is an immediate response to ventilation during hypoxia and what causes it
the body hypervenilates, chemoreceptors in the arotic arch and carotid arteries sense a drop in oxygen pressure, this then causes an increase in alvelor ventilationan which helps to increase alveolar partial pressure of 02
what are the 3 non ventilatory response to hypoxia
- increase systemic blood pressure
- increase submaximal heart rate
- increase submaximal cardiac output
at altitude what happens to VO2 at submax workloads
VO2 at submax is relativly the same because your body can compensate
at altitude what happens to VO2 max
VO2 max decreases
at max workload what happens to quardiac output when comparing between sea level and altitude
it stays the same, but you reach it sooner
what happens to SV at altitude and why does this happen
SV is lower because the blood is more viscous
what causes the lactate paradox (CO2)
longterm hyperventialtion decreases partial pressure of CO2, this increases blood alkalinity, the kidneys excrete bicarbonate, this reduces your buffering capacity and alkaline reserves
what happens short term to lactate at altitude at the same workload as sea level
lactate increases
what happens long term to lactate at the same given workload while at altitude
lactate decreases
What happens to epinephrine and ADP during the lactate paradox
- epinephrine decreases
- ADP decreases
Why does glucose mobilization from the liver decrease during the lactate paradox
decrease in catecholaime (epinephrine) release reduces the amount of glucose that is released from the liver
what does reduced ADP during the lactate paradox cause
this inhibits activation of glycolytic pathways
is the lactate paradox related to your buffering capacity
no
what are the hemtological changes during hypoxia
- decrease plasma volume causes an increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin
- increase erythropoietin this leads to increased red blood cell mass
what does decreased plasma volume and increase erthropietin cause
this increases hematorcit
are hemtological changes short or long term
long term
