1. When proteins were injected into mice brains they found that it directed development in the brain. What area of the brain was particularly affected by these added proteins? A. Motor cortex B. Somatosensory area C. Visual cortex D. Auditory cortex
B. Somatosensory area
not really sure
- The proteins SHH and BMP played a crucial role in the closing of the neuronal plate during development, how did these proteins achieve this.
A. SHH brings the Neural Plate inwards, while BMP pushes down on the Neural Groove.
B. BMP brings the Neural Plate inwards, while SHH pushes down on the Neural Groove.
C. SHH allows the Notochord to join at the Neural Fold creating the Neural Tube.
D. BMP allows the Notochord to join at the Neural Fold creating the Neural Tube.
A. SHH brings the Neural Plate inwards, while BMP pushes down on the Neural Groove.
3. Deoni et al., 2013 found that there was a relationship between increased duration of breastfed children and increased \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Synaptogenesis B. Myelination C. Dendritic Growth D. Electrical Activity
B. Myelination
Positive correlation between length of breast feeding and the degree of myelination in axonal tracts of infants
4. During the post natal development phase the time period by which there is an overproduction of neurons is called A. Proliferation B. Pruning C. Exuberance D. Synaptogenesis
C. Exuberance
proliferation - newborn migration - 1 month synaptogenesis -9 months exuberance - 2 years pruning - adult
5. In the mammalian brain most estradiol-sensitive neurons are located in the pre-optic area, hypothalamus and which other area. A. Amygdala B. Cerebellum C. Corpus Callosum D. Septum
A. Amygdala
6. Octodeon degus is a diurnal and social rodent, pups that were isolated for 1 hour per day for a week showed changes in what structure. A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Brain Stem D. Limbic System
D. Limbic System
increased spines in cingulate cortex and decreased in hippocampus
7. What are the three germ layers found in the embryo? A. Exoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. B. Endoderm, exoderm and ectoderm. C. Endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. D. Endoderm, mesoderm and exoderm.
C. Endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.
8. Which proteins assist in the folding of the neural plates? A. Shh and BMP B. Shh, BMP and ACh C. Shh and Wnt D. Shh, Wnt and Fgf
A. Shh and BMP
- In which direction is the flow of information in the spinal cord?
A. From ventral to dorsal
B. From dorsal to ventral
C. From anterior to posterior
D. From posterior to anterior
B. From dorsal to ventral
- What happens to the somatosensory region when you inject extra fgf8 proteins into the anterior of the developing brain?
A. The location is unaffected
B. The location of the somatosensory region is shifted to the posterior
C. The location of the somatosensory region is shifted to the anterior
D. The somatosensory region is doubled
B. The location of the somatosensory region is shifted to the posterior
- Which of the following is NOT a mechanism to guide growth cones?
A. Cell surface adhesion
B. Extracellular matrix adhesion
C. Chemoattraction
D. Chemorejection
D. Chemorejection
Extracellular matrix adhesion, cell surface adhesion, fasciculation, chemoattraction, contact inhibition, chemorepulsion
- Which combination of development care in mice resulted in a high anxiety adult mouse?
A. Prenatal experience with a low-licking mother, post-natal experience with a low-licking mother.
B. Prenatal experience with a high-licking mother, post-natal experience with a high-licking mother.
C. Prenatal experience with a low-licking mother, post-natal experience with a high-licking mother.
D. Prenatal experience with a high-licking mother, post-natal experience with a low-licking mother.
A. Prenatal experience with a low-licking mother, post-natal experience with a low-licking mother.
- Analysis of calcium-spike-dependent homeostatic embryonic neurotransmitter expression in the frog spinal cord by Spitzer (2006) found that:
A. Supressing production of spontaneous calcium spikes increases the number of neurons expressing both excitatory and inhibitory transmitters.
B. Supressing production of spontaneous calcium spikes increases the number of neurons expressing excitatory transmitters and decreases the number expressing inhibitory transmitters.
C. Supressing production of spontaneous calcium spikes decreases the number of neurons expressing both excitatory and inhibitory transmitters.
D. Supressing production of spontaneous calcium spikes decreases the number of neurons expressing excitatory transmitters and increases the number expressing inhibitory transmitters.
B. Supressing production of spontaneous calcium spikes increases the number of neurons expressing excitatory transmitters and decreases the number expressing inhibitory transmitters.
- Which of the following sequences correctly reflect postnatal development of neurons in the CNS?
A. Migration, proliferation, synaptogenesis, exuberance, pruning
B. Proliferation, migration, synaptogenesis, pruning, exuberance
C. Migration, proliferation, synaptogenesis, pruning, exuberance
D. Proliferation, migration, synaptogenesis, exuberance, pruning
D. Proliferation, migration, synaptogenesis, exuberance, pruning
- What does Shh stand for?
A. Sonic hedgehog
B. Shizenhausen horse
C. Short Hedgehouse
D. Sidehanded hormone
A. Sonic hedgehog
- What brain location is responsible for producing Wnt/Bmp?
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
C. Midbrain
D. Hindbrain
A. Telencephalon
- Which direction do most excitatory neurons migrate?
A. Tangentially
B. Inside-out
C. Upside down
D. Back to front
A. Tangentially
- Which of the following is not a form of growth cone guidance?
A. Extracellular matrix adhesion B. Cell surface adhesion C. Chemoattraction D. Fasciculation E. Contact adhesion
E. Contact adhesion
