What does SIRS stand for?
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
What are the 4 criteria of SIRS?
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
- Hypothermia/hyperthermia
- Leukocytosis, leukopenia
True or False: A negative blood culture rules-out sepsis.
FALSE
What is the following: sepsis associated with organ dysfunction and manifestation of hypoperfusion or hypotension?
Severe sepsis
What is the following: severe sepsis with hypotension refractory to volume expansion?
Septic shock
What would you find on a CBC associated with septicemia?
- Leukopenia
- Netropenia
- Increased bands
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperlactatemia
What would you find on a biochemistry profile associated with septicemia?
- Hypoglycemia
- Azotemia
- Acidosis
- Hyponatremia
- Hypochlormemia
What is the most common bacterial isolate from a septicemia in a foal?
E. coli
What is the prognosis of septic arthritis when treated early?
Fair to good
In the foal, where does the bladder typically tear for a rupture?
Dorsal aspect
What are the clinical signs associated with a ruptured bladder?
- Anorexia
- Depression
- Abdominal distention
- Tachypnea
- Dysuria/stranguria
What would you expect on CBC and chem with a ruptured bladder?
- High K
- Low Na
- Low Cl
- Stress leukogram
- Metabolic acidosis
When comparing creatinine levels in the abdominal fluid verses systemic circulation, a ratio greater than what is suggestive of uroperitoneum?
2:1
With a ruptured bladder, what is the most life-threatening electrolyte derangement?
Hyperkalemia
What is the range of potassium with a ruptured bladder?
4-10 mEq/L
What is the normal range of potassium in a healthy foal?
2.5-4 mEq/L
What 4 findings would be associated with hyperkalemia due to a ruptured bladder on ECG?
- Widened P waves
- Widened QRS complexes
- Spiked T waves
- Bradycardia
What are the 4 treatment methods for hyperkalemia associated with a ruptured bladder?
- IV dextrose
- IV NaCl
- IV sodium bicarbonate
- IV insulin
- Diuretics (furosemide)
The urachus drains the ____ to the ___ sac in utero.
The urachus drains the BLADDER to the ATLANTOCHORIONIC sac in utero.
Clinical signs associated with a ruptured urachus can occur in foals greater than how old?
2-3 days of age
What are your treatment options for a patent urachus?
- Frequent (2-4x/day) chemical cauterization with iodine or chlorhexadine solution
- Antimicrobials
- Surgical excision
