What are 6 causes of colic in the foal?
- Meconium impaction
- Lethal white foal syndrome
- Gastric ulcers
- Hernias
- Intusecceptions
- Milk intolerance
What are 6 clinical signs of colic in the foal?
- Recumbancy; rolling
- Abdominal distention
- Grinding of teeth
- Generalized pain
- Lack of feces production
- Decreased nursing
What are your treatment options for meconium impaction?
Enemas:
- Phosphate
- Warm water and soap
- Acetylcysteine
- Mineral oil PO
How does acetylcysteine work to treat meconium impaction?
Decreases viscosity of meconium by cleaving disulfide bonds.
What are 5 clinical signs associated with gastric ulcers?
- Teeth grinding
- Excessive salivation
- Colic
- Decreased appetite
- Diarrhea
What are your treatment options for gastric ulcers?
- Omeprazole
- Ranitidine
- Cimetidine
- Sucrulfate
- Bismuth solutions
- Antacids
What is the “go-to” drug for treating gastric ulcers in the foal?
Omeprazole (Gastrogaurd)
Which type of hernias can cause colic?
Scrotal or inguinal
Which type of hernia typically does NOT cause colic?
Umbilical
What are 4 common causes of diarrhea in the foal?
- Nutritional
- Infectious
- Foal heat
- Antimicrobial-induced
What are the causes of nutritional diarrhea?
Typically associated with artificial diets:
- Milk replacer
- Grains in older foals
- Sand
- Lactose intolerance
Foal heat diarrhea is a physiological diarrhea that occurs between ___ and ___ days of age.
7 and 14 days of age
How would one treat foal heat diarrhea?
Usually no treatment necessary. This is a mild and transient diarrhea.
According to the study by Hollis in 2008, what is the most common organism involved with infectious diarrhea in the foal?
Enterococcus
What clinicopathologic abnormalities would you expect with an infectious diarrhea in a foal?
- Hypokalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypochloremia
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypoproteinemia
- Metabolic acidemia
- Azotemia
- Neutropenia
What are (5) treatment options for a bacterial-induced diarrhea in a foal?
- IV fluids; colloids
- Nutritional supplementation
- Anti-inflammatory drugs
- Correct electrolyte derangements
- Antimicrobial therapy
What are the clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with general diarrhea in the foal?
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypochloremia
- Azotemia
- Hypoproteinemia
- Metabolic acidosis
- Neutropenia
When would you consider a plasma transfusion?
- Hypoproteinemia
2. Metabolic acidosis
When would you consider HCO3 supplementation?
Metabolic acidosis
What is the equation to determine how much HCO3 to supplement with?
% Deficient x BW x 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5
When would you consider antimicrobial therapy?
Neutropenia
What is the most common viral cause of diarrhea in the foal?
Rotavirus
What are 2 methods to diagnose a Rotavirus infection?
- ELISA
2. Latex agglutination
What (4) antimicrobials can induce diarrhea in the foal?
- Ceftiofur
- Sulfa drugs
- Tetracyclines
- Erythromycin
