a study on marathon runners found that the prevalence of sudden cardiac arrests and cardiac death was
0.20 cardiac arrests, 0.14 sudden cardiac death peer 100,000 runner hours
the risk associated with exercise is low but what is the riskiest part
when someone is beginning / resuming exercise after a period of inactivity
what is the main reason that people collapse during exercise
cardiac arrhythmias
as we age, Atherosclerosis can trigger what
cardiac arryhthmias
what is the acute stress of exercise
- increased myocardial demand
- shorted diastole
- sodium / potassium changes
- increased catecholamines
what are the immediate effects of post exercise
- decreased venous return
- decreased blood pressure
what can you do to reduce the risks of exercise
- pre participation screening (PARQ)
- medical history
- signs and symptoms
what does pre participation screening identify (4)
- identify those with medical contraindications
- identify those who should receive medical evaluation / clearance prior to performing PA
- identify those who should participate in a medically supervised PA programme
- identify those with other health / medical concerns
factors that may be present in athletes when screening them
- cardiac problems
- respiratory issues
- metabolic issues = type 1 or 2 diabetes
- musculoskeletal issues = previous or existing injury
- psychological issues
- recent covid
why can cardiac screening be controversial
not 100% accurate
athletes often have “normal” variations in 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
are there people who we shouldn’t exercise / asses
yes many absolute and relative conditions
many are acute medical emergencies we haven’t heard of, some are more relevant such as acute system infections (virus or cold)
what is the Covid 19 return to play diagram
you follow the diagram based on symptoms and how you feel and it tells you whether it is safe for you to return to exercise
how is exercise risk mitigated as much as possible in susceptible individuals
- PARQ
- education “warning” signs and symptoms
- advocate warm up / cool down
- limit / avoid vigorous intensity exercise initially
what is PARQ plus
a secondary level of screening
if someone answers no to the questions in PARQ plus what does this mean
they are safe to exercise without medical assistance
if someone answers yes to the questions in PARQ plus what does this mean
then you can not authorise them to par take in exercise without medical assistance
what is cardiorespiratory fitness
ability of circulatory and pulmonary system to supply oxygen during sustained PA
what is the gold standard test of aerobic power
VO2 max test = direct measure
what are the details of indirect measure / field testing way of measuring cardiorespiratory fitness
- use physiological indicies (e.g heart rate) / work rate to estimate fitness level
- maximal or submaximal
example of indirect measure / field testing way of measuring cardiorespiratory fitness
broncho or beep test = good when working with a team
when might it be more appropriate to use submaximal testing instead of maximal
in older of clinical populations where the risk would be too high to take them to maximal
ways of measuring muscular strength
dynamometry
one repetition maximum (1RPM)
what is muscular endurance
the ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue
what is a direct measure of flexibility
goniometer
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