Lecture 33

Question 1

in high quantities alcohol is toxic to what

Answer 1

liver and brain

Question 2

alcohol acts as

Answer 2

depressant and a diuretic.

Question 3

alcohol is ….

Answer 3

carcinogenic

Question 4

alcohol can substantially increase ….

Answer 4

alcohol can substaintially increase energy intake

Question 5

alcohol changes your what ratios and what can this have a small protective affect against

Answer 5

alcohol changes your cholesterol ratios

can be possible small protective effect against CHD if consumed in moderation

Question 6

toxicity of liver and effects of kidney function outweigh

Answer 6

any positive effects

Question 7

what are the effects of alcohol on catabolism

Answer 7

• free fatty acid mobilisation
• glucose uptake

Question 8

what are the brain function effects of alcohol

Answer 8

• cognition
• motor control

Question 9

what are the effects of alcohol on anabolism

Answer 9

• protein synthesis
• glycogenesis

Question 10

how does alcohol effect immunity

Answer 10

• adaptive immunity
• innate immunity

Question 11

how does alcohol affect fluid balance

Answer 11

• water balance
• electrolyte balance

Question 12

how does alcohol affect thermoregulation

Answer 12

skin vasodilation

Question 13

how does alcohol affect vascular haemodynamics

Answer 13

• blood pressure
• blood supply

Question 14

what % of alcohol is excreted in breath, sweat and urine

Answer 14

<10%

Question 15

what % of alcohol is metabolised in liver

Answer 15

> 90%

Question 16

what enzyme catalyses the oxidation of alcohol to acetaldehyde

Answer 16

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 17

what is the issue with acetaldehyde and why

Answer 17

it is very toxic to the liver, it generates free radicals

Question 18

what is acetaldehyde oxidised to

Answer 18

acetate

Question 19

what are the fates of acetate once it has been metabolised from acetaldehyde

Answer 19

can enter krebbs cycle or be stored as fat

Question 20

does exercise have an effect on alcohol clearance

Answer 20

doesn’t seem to have an effect

Question 21

alcohol stimulates adrenaline secretion, what does this cause

Answer 21

• increased blood pressure
• increased risk of arrhythmias
• increased infraction risk
• ventricular weakening

Question 22

alcohol vasodilates the skin, what does this increase the risk of

Answer 22

increased risk of hypothermia

Question 23

long term effects on cardiovascular system from alcohol

Answer 23

long term weakening and stiffening of the heart

Question 24

how does alcohol alter regulation of blood glucose and amino acids and what does this do

Answer 24

increasing adrenaline
- decreasing insulin

• increasing glycogenolysis in muscle and liver

Question 25

what are the effects of alcohol decreasing innate immunity

Answer 25

the function of neutrophils and macrophages - decreased oxidative burst - decreased phagocyte function

Question 26

what are the effects of alcohol decreasing adaptive immunity

Answer 26

decreased number of lymphocytes

Question 27

what is the hormone that alcohol impairs causing it to be a diuretic

Answer 27

impairs anti diuretic hormone secretion

Question 28

whether alcoholic beverages cause hypohydration depends on what

Answer 28

- existing anti diuretic hormone activity - alcohol content in ingested fluid - metabolism of alcohol

Question 29

alcohol causes a miss match of perceived from ...

Answer 29

perceived from actual competence

Question 30

alcohol causes decreased vestibular ...

Answer 30

function

Question 31

how does alcohol affect sleep

Answer 31

decreases quality and duration

Question 32

what happens to maximal and endurance performance due to alcohol

Answer 32

decreased maximal and endurance performance

Question 33

what does alcohol do to the fuel availability in the blood

Answer 33

decreases fuel availability in the blood

Question 34

what are the short term muscle responses to alcohol consumption

Answer 34

decreased recovery of force after eccentric damage decreased synthesis of new protein after training

Question 35

what are the long term muscle affects of alcohol consumption

Answer 35

oxidative damage muscle atrophy decreased capillarisation of fibres

Question 36

what are the countermeasures to alcohol consumption

Answer 36

food will blunt the elevation in alcohol but exercise wont