Lecture 4

Question 1

Proteins are made at the ________, which are located in the ________ of the cell

Answer 1

ribosomes, cytoplasm

Question 2

Meaning of RNA

Answer 2

RiboNucleic Acid

Question 3

3 parts of RNA:

Answer 3

1. Ribose Sugar
2. Phosphate group
3. Nitrogenous bases

Question 4

RNA contains the nitrogenous base _______ instead of thymine.

Answer 4

uracil

Question 5

There are 3 main types of
RNA

Answer 5

1.Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
3.Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 6

is a copy of the
genetic code that can
travel out into the
cytoplasm to the
ribosomes

Answer 6

mRNA

Question 7

is short and
disposable (more can easily
be made), so it is perfect for
traveling out into the
cytoplasm to the ribosomes

Answer 7

mRNA

Question 8

Ribosomes are made up of
another type of RNA

Answer 8

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 9

Ribosomes
translate the code
that mRNA carries
into a

Answer 9

protein

Question 10

carries amino
acids to the ribosomes
where they are linked
together to form a
protein

Answer 10

tRNA

Question 11

Each tRNA has a
specific ________ that
is complementary to a
codon on mRNA.

Answer 11

anticodon

Question 12

1. ________ unzips
   the DNA molecule.

Answer 12

RNA Polymerase

Question 13

2. RNA Polymerase then
   adds _______ to one
   side of the DNA making
   an RNA molecule

Answer 13

nucleotides

Question 14

3. The _________
   detaches from the DNA
   strand and makes its
   way out of the nucleus
   to perform its different
   jobs

Answer 14

RNA molecule

Question 15

There are some parts of the
DNA sequence that aren’t
involved in coding for
proteins. These parts are
called ________, and the _______
must be removed from mRNA.

Answer 15

introns

Question 16

Since there are only __________, some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.

Answer 16

20 amino acids

Question 17

Codon:
UCG-CAC-GGU-CAG-GUG-CAC

Answer 17

Amino Acids:
Serine-Histidine-Glycine-Glutamine-Valine-Histidine

Question 18

Some codons/special codons signal the start of the protein or they code for ________ to stop

Answer 18

synthesis

Question 19

First step in Translation
(The process where the genetic code is read and a protein is
created at the ribosomes.)

Answer 19

1. mRNA travels from the
   nucleus to the ribosomes

Question 20

second step in Translation
(The process where the genetic code is read and a protein is
created at the ribosomes.)

Answer 20

2. Ribosomes begin
   “reading” the mRNA

Question 21

third step in Translation
(The process where the genetic code is read and a protein is
created at the ribosomes.)

Answer 21

Transfer RNA (tRNA)
carries amino acids to the
ribosomes where they are
joined together in the
correct order