Lecture 7

Question 1

What is Organizational Technology?

Answer 1

The tools, techniques, and actions used to transform organizational inputs into outputs

Question 2

Technology includes

Answer 2

• Manufacturing processes
• Service delivery methods
• Information systems
• Digital tools and platforms
• Work processes and workflows

Question 3

Core Technology

Answer 3

Primary work of organization
Directly creates value
Shapes structure & design

Examples:
Hospital: Patient care
University: Teaching

Question 4

Support Technology

Answer 4

Enables core work
Administrative functions
Less impact on structure

Examples: Accounting systems, HR information systems, Email and communication

Question 5

Woodward’s Manufacturing Technology Classification

Answer 5

Small Batch / Unit Production
Mass Production
Continuous Process

Question 6

Small Batch / Unit Production

Answer 6

Custom products
Low volume, high variety
Skilled craftspeople
Examples: Custom furniture, aerospace, construction

Question 7

Mass Production

Answer 7

Standardized products
High volume, low variety
Assembly lines
Examples: Automobiles, appliances, electronics

Question 8

Continuous Process

Answer 8

Automated, continuous flow
Very high volume
Capital-intensive
Examples: Oil refining, chemicals, food processing

Question 9

Small Batch - Structural Characteristics

Answer 9

 Low formalization
 Flat hierarchy (few levels)
 Small span of control
 Decentralized decisions
 Organic structure

Question 10

Mass Production - Structural Characteristics

Answer 10

 Moderate formalization
 Moderate hierarchy
 Small span of control
 Some decentralization
 More organic

Question 11

Continuous Process - Structural Characteristics

Answer 11

 High formalization
 Tall hierarchy (many levels)
 Large span of control
 Centralized decisions
 Mechanistic structure

Question 12

Characteristics of Service Organizations:

Answer 12

1. Intangible Output
2. Customer Participation
3. Simultaneous Production & Consumption
4. High Customization

Question 13

Perrow’s Technology Framework – Departmental Technologies

Answer 13

Routine Technology
Engineering Technology
Craft Technology
Nonroutine Technology