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leg Flashcards

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1
Q

what is saphenous a branch of?

A

femoral nerve

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2
Q

saphenous spinal segment

A

L4

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3
Q

what area of the leg does the saphenous supply?

A

medial leg and medial foot (to big toe)

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4
Q

what is the only sensory branch of femoral nerve to cross the knee?

A

saphenous

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5
Q

femoral nerve spinal segments

A

L2-4

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6
Q

what spinal segment is lateral sural from?

A

L5

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7
Q

what part of the leg does lateral sural supply?

A

proximal lateral leg

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8
Q

what is lateral sural a branch of?

A

common fibular

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9
Q

superficial fibular spinal segment

A

L5

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10
Q

where does superficial fibular supply?

A

distal lateral leg and most of the dorsum of the foot on the anterior side

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11
Q

what spinal segment is sural from?

A

S1

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12
Q

what spinal segment supplies the dorsum of the foot?

A

L5 because is it supplied by superficial fibular and deep fibular, which are both coming from here

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13
Q

where does sural nerve supply?

A

lateral border of the foot and the posterior lower lateral half of the leg

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14
Q

what spinal segment is deep fibular from?

A

L5

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15
Q

where does deep fibular supply?

A

the web of the foot (between 1st and 2nd toe)

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16
Q

lateral plantar spinal segment

A

L5/S1

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17
Q

what does the lateral plantar nerve supply?

A

the tips of the lateral 2 toes

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18
Q

what does the medial plantar nerve supply?

A

the tips of the medial 3 toes

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19
Q

what spinal segment is medial plantar from?

A

L4 and L5

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20
Q

general area of leg for L4 dermatome

A

medial leg

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21
Q

what nerves supply the medial side of the leg?

A

saphenous, medial plantar nerve, and calcaneus on the posterior side

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22
Q

general area of leg for L5 dermatome

A

lateral leg

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23
Q

what nerves supply the lateral leg?

A

lateral sural, superficial fibular, and sural on the posterior side

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24
Q

general area of the leg for S1 dermatome on the anterior side

A

lateral border of foot

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25
what nerves make up the S1 dermatome on the anterior side?
only sural
26
what nerve supplies the upper third of the posterior leg?
posterior femoral cutaneous
27
what spinal segment makes up posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
S2
28
what nerve supplies the lateral posterior side of leg?
sural
29
what nerve supplies the medial side of posterior leg?
saphenous
30
what nerve supplies the distal lateral side of posterior leg?
sural
31
calcaneal nerve
covers the heel area and is from S1
32
what spinal segment is calcaneal from?
S1
33
S1 dermatome on posterior side
is made up from sural and calcaneal (from tibial nerve) and from lateral plantar nerve (which is a terminal branch of tibial branch)
34
what branch is sural from?
tibial
35
what branch is cancenal from?
tibial
36
what makes up the dermatome of L4 on the posterior side?
saphenous and medial plantar nerve
37
what makes up the dermatome of L5 on the posterior side?
lateral sural
38
what makes up the dermatome of S1 on the posterior side?
lateral plantar nerve, sural, and calcaneal branches from tibial
39
what makes up the dermatome of S2 on the posterior side?
posterior femoral cutaneous
40
what is medial plantar nerve a branch of?
terminal branch of the tibial nerve
41
best spot to test L5 dermatome
web of big toe
42
best spot to test S1 dermatome
lateral side of the 5th toe
43
best spot to test L4 dermatome
medial side of first toe
44
what connects the inner surfaces of the tibia and fibula?
the interosseous membrane
45
what divides the muscles of the leg into 3 different compartments?
deep fascia, bone, interosseous membrane, and intermuscular septum
46
3 main compartments of the leg
anterior/extensor, posterior/flexor, and lateral/evertor compartment
47
anterior/extensor group of leg main function and nerve supply
are involved in extension of the ankle and toes; nerve supply is deep fibular nerve
48
posterior/flexor compartment
muscles are involved in PF of ankle and flexion of the toes; are innervated by branches of tibial nerve
49
lateral/evertor compartment
is made up of 2 muscles and are involved in eversion of the foot; innervated by superficial fibular nerve
50
what muscles make up the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
51
achilles tendon other name
calcaneal tendon
52
achilles tendon and insertion
is formed by the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris that all insert to the calcaneal tuberosity of the posterior surface of body of calcaneus
53
gastrocnemius origin
medial and lateral epicondyles of femur
54
function of gastrocnemius
weak flexor of knee and PF of ankle
55
gastrocnemius nerve innervation
a branch of tibial nerve while still inside the popliteal fossa
56
soleus origin
soleal line on the posterior surface of tibia and upper fibula
57
soleus nerve innervation
a branch of tibial nerve while still inside the popliteal fossa
58
soleus function
PF of the ankle joint
59
soleus vs gastroc size
soleus is 3x bigger
60
prime mover of plantar flexion of the ankle
soleus
61
plantaris origin
distal end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; also has some attachments to the oblique popliteal ligament
62
plantaris funciton
weak flexor of knee and weak PF of ankle; it also often used for a tendon graft by surgeons
63
plantaris nerve innervation
a branch of tibial nerve while still inside the popliteal fossa
64
muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of leg
flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus (medial to lateral direction)
65
flexor hallucis longus origin
shaft of fibula
66
flexor hallucis longus insertion
plantar aspect of distal phalanx of the big toe
67
prime mover of flexion of the big toe
flexor hallucis longus
68
what would the action of a muscle be if it passes behind the malleolus?
PF
69
what would the action of a muscle be if it passes in front of the malleolus?
DF
70
function of flexor hallucis longus
flexion of the big toe (prime mover) and helps with PF of the ankle
71
nerve innervation of flexor hallucis longus
a branch of tibial nerve below the popliteal fossa
72
flexor digitorum longus origin
shaft of tibia below soleus line
73
flexor digitorum longus insertion
the plantar aspect of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
74
prime mover of flexion of the lateral 4 toes
flexor digitorum longus
75
function of the flexor digitorum longus
flexion of the distal four toes and helps in PF of the ankle
76
flexor digitorum longus nerve innervation
a branch of tibial nerve below the popliteal fossa
77
tibialis posterior origin
shafts of both tibia and fibula and the interosseous membrane
78
tibialis posterior insertion
most of the bones in the plantar aspect of foot (navicular, medial cuneiform, cuboid, and metatarsal bones 2-4)
79
tibialis posterior function
support and maintain the medial longitudinal arch of the foot (most important), PF of the ankle, and inversion of the foot
80
what would tibialis posterior weakness result in?
collapse of the arch
81
pes planus
clinical condition in which there is tibialis posterior weakness, causing collapse of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
82
what would a tibia fracture result in?
paralysis of the deep muscles but not the superficial ones because the nerves below the popliteal fossa are damaged
83
tibialis posterior nerve innervation
a branch of tibial nerve below the popliteal fossa
84
when does the popliteal artery end?
when it divides into 2 branches right at the base of the popliteal muscle: the posterior tibial artery and the anterior tibial artery
85
anterior tibial artery
after passing through the interosseous membrane, it enters to the anterior compartment of the leg and supplies the muscles here
86
posterior tibial artery
supplies blood for muscles of both posterior and lateral compartments of the leg
87
where does sural nerve supply?
lower part of posterior aspect of leg and lateral border of the foot
88
2 muscles of the lateral leg compartment
fibularis/peroneus longus and fibularis/peroneus brevis
89
where is the tibial nerve located in the leg?
between the soleus and the deep muscles of the posterior compartment
90
peroneus longus origin
shaft of fibula
91
peroneus longus insertion
plantar aspect of the medial cuneiform and proximal end of 1st metatarsal
92
path of the peroneus longus
wraps around lateral border of foot and behind the lateral malleolus, then enters into plantar aspect travelling anterior and medial to insertion point
93
vesalius bone meaning
is when the 5th metatarsal fails to fuse with another bone, resulting in discomfort here when the peroneus brevis muscle contracts
94
what does the common fibular nerve wrap around?
the neck of the fibula
95
prime mover of eversion of foot
peroneus longus
96
peroneus longus function
eversion of the foot and PF of the ankle
97
peroneus longus nerve innervation
superficial fibular nerve
98
peroneus brevis origin
shaft of fibula
99
peroneus brevis insertion
tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
100
function of peroneus brevis
helps with eversion of the foot and PF of ankle
101
peroneus brevis nerve innervation
superficial fibular nerve
102
what is sural nerve a branch of?
tibial nerve
103
what gives rise to the lateral sural nerve?
the common fibular nerve
104
other name for common fibular nerve
peroneal nerve
105
lateral sural nerve
supplies the skin of the upper half of the lateral side of the leg; joins to sural nerve via communicating sural nerve
106
communicating sural nerve
is a branch of the lateral sural nerve that connects to the sural nerve
107
common fibular nerve location and branches
are deep to peroneus longus muscle and include the deep fibular and superficial fibular nerve
108
deep fibular nerve location and nerve type
is deep to the peroneus longus and enters into the anterior compartment of the leg; mixed nerve
109
superficial fibular nerve
is a branch of the common fibular; mixed nerve
110
motor branches of deep fibular
go to anterior compartment of the leg and muscles of the dorsum of the foot
111
sensory branch of deep fibular nerve
only supplies a small triangular area of the skin between the big and second toe
112
web of big toe
is the area between the big toe and the second toe and is supplied by sensory branch of deep fibular nerve
113
superficial fibular nerve motor innervation
peroneus longus and previous brevis
114
superficial fibular sensory innervation
lower half of the lateral side of the leg and most of the dorsum of the foot
115
anterior compartment muscles
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis/peroneus tertius, and extensor hallucis longus
116
what muscles cover the extensor hallucis longus?
tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus
117
tibialis anterior origin
shaft of tibia
118
tibialis anterior insertion
dorsal and medial surfaces of medial cuneiform and proximal end of the 1st metatarsal
119
prime mover of inversion of the foot
tibialis anterior
120
tibialis anterior function
inversion of the foot and DF of the ankle
121
tibialis anterior nerve innervation
deep fibular nerve
122
extensor hallucis longus origin
shaft of fibula
123
extensor hallucis longus insertion
dorsal aspect of the proximal end of distal phalanx of big toe
124
prime mover of extension of the big toe
extensor hallucis longus
125
extensor hallucis longus function
extension of the big toe and DF of the ankle
126
extensor hallucis longus nerve innervation
deep fibular nerve
127
extensor digitorum longus origin
shaft of fibula and tibia
128
extensor digitorum longus insertion
middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
129
prime mover of extension of lateral 4 toes
extensor digitorum longus
130
extensor digitorum longus function
extension of lateral 4 toes and DF of ankle
131
prime mover of DF of ankle
extensor digitorum longus
132
extensor digitorum longus nerve innervation
deep fibular nerve
133
what muscle in the leg is sometimes absent in some people?
peroneus tertius
134
what muscle is peroneus tertius part of?
lowest fibres of extensor digitorum longus
135
peroneus tertius origin
distal third of shaft of fibula
136
peroneus tertius insertion
dorsal surface of proximal end of 5th metatarsal
137
peroneus tertius function
to assist in DF of ankle and eversion of foot
138
peroneus tertius nerve innervation
deep fibular nerve
139
what vessel does the deep fibular nerve follow?
the anterior tibial artery
140
what does the anterior tibial artery change into?
dorsalis pedis artery
141
what joins the shafts of tibia and fibula?
interosseous membrane
142
what connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula?
the anterior and posterior tibiofibular joints
143
joint between the shafts of the tibia and fibula type
Syndesmosis
144
bumper fracture
is often caused by a car bumper and damages the common fibular nerve; result is that the distal half of the lateral leg would be numb and a loss of DF and eversion
145
where does the anterior tibial artery travel between?
the tibialis anterior and the EHL
146
compartment syndrome
is when the deep fascia of the anterior compartment is thicker compared to others, limiting the space of BF in muscles, thus creating pressure and further compressing the vessels, causing severe pain
147
treatment for compartment syndrome
cut open the fascia to allow space for blood in muscles
148
tarsal tunnel
is on the medial side of the leg, posterior to medial malleolus and is a passageway for nerves, vessels, and tendons
149
mnemonic to remember tarsal tunnel order
Tom, Dick, And, Not Harry
150
Tom, Dick, And, Not Harry
tendon of tibialis posterior, fDl tendon, artery of tibial posterior, nerve of tibial, and fHl
151
what are retinaculum thickening of?
deep fascia of the leg
152
what does fascia lata turn into in the lower leg?
crural fascia
153
flexor retinaculum
encloses the tarsal tunnel and is in the medial leg between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus
154
peroneal retinaculum
encloses the peroneal tendons on the lateral leg
155
superior and inferior extensor retinaculum
encloses the extensor tendons on the anterior part of the leg
156
open chain movement meaning
not bearing weight
157
popliteal muscle during open chain movement
functions for medial rotation of the knee joint
158
closed chain movement meaning
bearing weight
159
popliteal muscle during close chain movement
functions for lateral rotation of the knee joint
392
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