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shoulder girdle Flashcards

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1
Q

subdivisions of shoulder area

A

pectoral region, scapular region, clavicular region, and deltoid region

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2
Q

3 muscles in the pectoral region

A

pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and subclavius

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3
Q

pectoralis major origin

A

medial half of clavicle (clavicular head), anterior half of the sternum and costal cartilages of ribs 1-6 (sternal head), and external oblique muscle (abdominal head)

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4
Q

sternal head of pectoralis major meaning

A

refers to fibres originating from anterior part of sternum and costal cartilages of ribs 1-6; this makes up the largest origin of this muscle

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5
Q

clavicular head of pectoralis major meaning

A

refers to fibres originating from the medial half of the clavicle

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6
Q

abdominal head of pectoralis major meaning

A

refers to fibres originating from the external oblique muscles of the abdomen

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7
Q

3 heads of pectoralis major

A

clavicular, sternal, and abdominal

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8
Q

pectoralis major insertion

A

lateral lip of the intertubular groove of the humerus

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9
Q

pectoralis major function

A

flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of arm at the GH joint; sternal head can also extend a flexed arm and clavicular head can flex an extended arm; reverse function also can extend the chest, assisting in inhalation

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10
Q

clavicular head of pectoralis major function

A

can flex an extended arm

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11
Q

sternal head of pectoralis major function

A

can extend a flexed arm

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12
Q

reverse function of pectoralis major

A

extend the chest so can also help in inhalation

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13
Q

pectoralis major nerve innervation

A

pectoral nerve

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14
Q

what is deep to pectoralis major?

A

CT called clavipectoral fascia

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15
Q

what is clavipectoral fascia?

A

a thick layer of CT deep to pectoralis major; functions to connect the clavicle to the floor of the armpit

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16
Q

what does clavipectoral fascia invest?

A

pectoralis minor and subclavius (spans the gap between these); it also contributes to formation of anterior wall of armpit

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17
Q

pectoralis minor origin

A

anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5

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18
Q

pectoralis minor insertion

A

coracoid process of scapula

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19
Q

pectoralis minor function

A

downward movement of shoulder and protraction of scapula; brings shoulder anterior and inferior

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20
Q

pectoralis minor nerve innervation

A

pectoral nerve

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21
Q

subclavius origin

A

superior surface of first rib and costal cartilage

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22
Q

subclavius insertion

A

shallow groove on the inferior surface of clavicle known as subclavius groove

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23
Q

subclavius function

A

pulls the tip of the shoulder down, pulls clavicle medially to stable sternoclavicular joint, and causes axial rotation of clavicle posteriorly

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24
Q
A
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25
when is axial rotation of clavicle posteriorly done?
abduction and flexion of GH joint, especially after 90 degrees
26
subclavius nerve innnervation
direct branch from brachial plexus called nerve to subclavius
27
deltoid origin
entire length of spine of scapula, lateral margin of acromion, and lateral 3rd of clavicle
28
deltoid insertion
rough surface on the lateral side of the shaft of the humerus called deltoid tuberosity
29
deltoid function
prime mover of abduction of GH joint between 30-90 degrees, anterior fibres can also help with flexion of shoulder, and posterior with extension of should
30
anterior fibres of deltoid function
can help in flexion of the shoulder joint
31
posterior fibres of deltoid function
can help in extension of the shoulder joint
32
deltoid nerve innervation
axillary nerve
33
muscles includes in the scapular region
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, and teres minor (long head of triceps brachii is also found in this region)
34
supraspinatus origin
supraspinous fossa of scapula
35
supraspinatus insertion
superior surface of greater tubercle of humerus (between humerus and acromonion)
36
supraspinatus function
initiates shoulder abduction and is the prime mover of first 15-30 degrees of shoulder abduction
37
supraspinatus nerve innervation
suprascapular nerve
38
infraspinatus origin
infraspinous fossa of scapula
39
infraspinatus insertion
posterior surface of greater tubercle of humerus
40
infraspinatus tendon direction relative to GH joint
passes behind the GH joint
41
infraspinatus function
prime mover for lateral rotation of GH joint
42
infraspinatus nerve innervation
suprascapular nerve
43
teres minor origin
upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula (close to posterior surface)
44
teres minor insertion
posterior surface of greater tubercle of humerus
45
teres minor function
helps in lateral rotation of GH joint
46
teres minor nerve innervation
axillary nerve
47
teres major origin
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
48
teres major insertion
medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
49
teres major function
medial rotator and extensor of the arm at the GH joint
50
teres major nerve innervation
lower or inferior subscapular nerve
51
spaces in the scapular region
form passages for arteries and nerves; includes the quadrangular space, triangular space, and triangular interval
52
quadrangular space boundaries
is bounded superiorly by teres minor, inferiorly by teres major, laterally by surgical neck of humerus, and medially by long head of triceps
53
triangular space boundaries
is bounded between teres major inferiorly, teres minor superiorly, and long head of triceps laterally; not significant
54
triangular interval boundaries
bounded laterally by the shaft of humerus, medially by the long head of triceps, and superiorly by teres major
55
what travels through the quadrangular space?
axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
56
what passes through triangular space?
circumflex scapular artery
57
what passes through triangular interval?
radial nerve and deep brachial artery
58
anterior region of scapular region
only subscapularis belongs here but you can also see some other muscles here including part of teres major, long head of triceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi
59
subscapularis origin
anterior surface or subscapular fossa of scapula
60
subscapularis insertion
lesser tubercle of the humerus
61
subscapularis function
prime mover for medial rotation of the arm at the GH joint
62
subscapularis nerve innervation
upper and lower subscapular nerves
63
what stabilizes the GH joint?
tendons of rotator cuff muscles by keeping the head of humerus inside the glenoid cavity
64
rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
65
serratus anterior origin
lateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs
66
serratus anterior insertion
lower third of the medial border of scapula, most insert to inferior angle
67
serratus anterior function
protraction and upward rotation of the scapula and also keeps the medial border and inferior angle of scapula close to thoracic wall (stabilizes the scapula)
68
serratus anterior nerve innervation
long thoracic nerve
69
long thoracic nerve path
descends on the lateral side of the chest wall over the muscular digits of serratus posterior branch and has a branch for each digit
70
axilla
is a transitional area from the neck to upper limbs, forming a passageway for major vessels and nerves
71
main structures passing through axilla
axillary artery and brachial plexus
72
superior aperture of axilla borders
the medial border is made by lateral margin of the first rib; the anterior part is made by clavicle; posterior part is made by superior border of scapula
73
superior aperture of axilla other name
aka axilla inlet
74
axilla floor other name
axilla outlet
75
axilla floor covering
skin of armpit
76
anterior wall of axilla
is formed by pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and subclavius muscles
77
posterior wall of axilla
is made by subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, and teres major muscles
78
medial wall of axilla
is made by serratus anterior, upper 4 ribs, and intercostal spaces between them
79
lateral wall of axilla
is the narrowest wall and formed by intertubercular groove of humerus
80
how many main groups of lymph nodes are in the axilla?
5
81
humeral lymph nodes
sits close to axillary vein and drain lymph from upper limb
82
subscapular lymph nodes
sits close to subscapularis muscle and drain the lymph from the upper half of the posterior thoracic wall
83
subscapular lymph nodes other name
posterior lymph nodes
84
pectoral lymph nodes other name
anterior lymph nodes
85
pectoral lymph nodes
sit posterior to pectoralis major and minor and drain lymph of upper half of anterior chest wall, including breast
86
what drains into central lymph nodes?
subscapular, humeral, and pectoral
87
central lymph nodes
sit at the centre of the lymph nodes and collect lymph from humeral, subscapular, and pectoral and drain into apical lymph nodes
88
apical lymph nodes
collect lymph nodes from central lymph nodes and sit close to the apex/inlet of axilla
89
5 major lymph nodes in shoulder area
subscapular, humeral, pectoral, central, and apical
90
infraclavicular lymph node
drain into apical lymph nodes but are not a major group
91
function of pectoralis major when in normal anatomical position
only medial rotation of GH joint
92
how to activate reverse function of pectoralis major?
remember that reverse function of this muscle is inhalation; you can do this by putting arms on table while sitting (as well as forehead but this stabilizes scalene muscles which also allow for inhalation)
93
complications of clavipectoral fascia
is can turn into scar tissue and limit ROM of GH joint
94
deltoid tuberosity
is the insertion point for the deltoid on the midpoint of the lateral side of shaft of humerus
95
what muscle is the deltoid comparable to?
glute med
96
why is the deltoid comparable to glute med?
because anterior fibres help in flexion, posterior fibres do extension, but the main function is abduction
97
supraspinatus tendon during abduction
the tendon is being pinched between the acromonion and the greater tubercle, causing a lot of friction
98
supraspinatus tendonitis
is when the supraspinatus tendon and bursae become inflamed, causing the muscle to collect first calcium (toothpaste consistency), then bone and deposit it at the junction of tendon and muscle
99
another name for supraspinatus tendonitis
rupture of the tendon
100
paralysis of serratus anterior
would cause paralysis of a lot of muscles because it stabilizes the scapula; engagement of rotator cuff muscles would cause movement of the scapula, not the humerus
101
what is the prime mover of upward rotation of scapula?
serratus anterior
102
specific movements that would be inhibited via serratus anterior paralysis
flexion and abduction past 90 degrees
103
how is the long thoracic nerve often damaged?
can occur via car accidents due to pressure from seatbelts or removing cancer tissue from breasts
104
side effects of a mastectomy
swelling of the upper limbs due to pectoral muscles being removed, causing lymph nodes (specifically humeral) to also be removed
392
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