Lesson 3

Question 1

The scientific study of how people behave, think, and feel (Otig and et.al. (2018).

Is the study of mental processes and human behavior (Demata-Libed (2021).

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

2 categories of behavior.

Answer 2

1. Overt
2. Covert

Question 3

Category of behavior that is internal and invisible, such as having feelings and thoughts.

Answer 3

Covert

Question 4

Category of behavior that can be observed, such as the manner of talking, walking, or acting of a person (Demata-Libed, 2021).

Answer 4

Overt

Question 5

He was recognized as the “father of American Psychology, a philosopher, psychologist, and trained physician.

The first one to offer psychology course in US.

Answer 5

William James

Question 6

According to William James, this refers to the analysis of the cognitive, conative, and affective aspects of an individual’s identity.

Answer 6

Psychology of the Self

Question 7

A Swiss clinical psychologist known for his pioneering work in child development.

Answer 7

Jean Piaget

Question 8

Who is the pioneer of the theory of cognitive development?

Answer 8

Jean Piaget

Question 9

Jean Piaget’s comprehensive theory about the development of intelligence.

Answer 9

Theory of cognitive development

Question 10

According to Piaget, this is a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience.

Answer 10

Cognitive development

Question 11

3 basic components of Piaget’s cognitive theory:

Answer 11

1. Schemas/Schemes
2. Adaptation
3. Stages of Cognitive Development

Question 12

Component of Piaget’s cognitive theory that are mental organizations that individuals use to understand their environments and designate action.

Answer 12

Schemas/Schemes

Question 13

Component of Piaget’s cognitive theory that involves the child’s learning processes to meet the situational demands.

Answer 13

Adaptation

Question 14

Component of Piaget’s cognitive theory that reflects the increasing sophistication of the child’s thought process.

Answer 14

Stages of Cognitive Development

Question 15

4 Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 15

1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operations
4. Formal Operations

Question 16

A stage in the cognitive development wherein the child learns by doing: looking, touching, sucking.

Child learn object permanence.

Answer 16

Sensorimotor (0-2)

Question 17

What is it called when the child learns that things continue to exist even when they cannot be seen?

Answer 17

Object Permanence

Question 18

A stage in the cognitive development wherein the child uses language and symbols, including letters and numbers.
Egocentrism is also evident.

Answer 18

Preoperational (2-7)

Question 19

What is it called when the child tends to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others.

Answer 19

Egocentrism

Question 20

A stage in the cognitive development wherein children begin to understand the concept of conservation;
Ex: The amount of liquid in a short, wide cup is equal to that in a tall, skinny glass.

Answer 20

Concrete operations (7-11)

Question 21

A stage in the cognitive development wherein the child begins to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning.

Answer 21

Formal Operations (12+)

Question 22

4 Stages of Harter’s self-development concept

Answer 22

1. Early Childhood
2. Middle to Later Childhood
3. Adolescence
4. Emerging Adults

Question 23

A stage in Harter’s self-development concept wherein the child describes the “self” in terms of concrete, observable characteristics, such as physical attributes, material possessions, behaviors, and preference.

Answer 23

Early Childhood.

Question 24

A stage in Harter’s self-development concept wherein the self is described in terms of traitlike constructs (e.g., smart, honest, friendly, shy).

Answer 24

Middle to later childhood

Question 25

A stage in Harter's self-development concept where more abstract self-definitions emerge, such as inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes, and motives.

Answer 25

Adolescence

Question 26

A stage in Harter's self-development concept wherein the marked characteristics of "self" is having a vision of "possible self." It is the "age of possibilities".

Answer 26

Emerging adults

Question 27

In Australian study early emerging adulthood (ages 17-22) was found to be a time of ________ being wealthy and having glamorous occupation, but beyond emerging adulthood (28-33) the visions of possible-self became more realistic, if still optimistic.

Answer 27

Grand dreams

Question 28

Who was known as the father of American psychology?

Answer 28

William James

Question 29

2 elements of the "self" according to William James.

Answer 29

1. I-self 2. Me-self

Question 30

Element of self that is the pure ego and aware of its own action.

Answer 30

I-self

Question 32

4 features of I-self

Answer 32

a. A sense of being the agent or initiator of behaviour b. A sense of being unique c. A sense of consistency d. A sense of awareness about being aware

Question 33

Element of self that is the self that is the object. It is the "self" that you can describe (physical characteristics, personalities, social role, or relationships, thoughts, feelings).

Answer 33

Me-self

Question 34

3 dimensions of the me-self

Answer 34

1. Material 2. Social 3. Spiritual

Question 35

A dimension of Me-self that refers to the physical appearance and extensions of it such as clothing, immediate family, and home.

Answer 35

Material

Question 36

A dimension of Me-self that refers to the social skills and significant interpersonal relationships.

Answer 36

Social

Question 37

A dimension of Me-self that refers to the personality, character, defining values.

Answer 37

Spiritual

Question 38

Who is the American psychologist and among the founders of humanistic approach to psychology?

Answer 38

Carl Rogers

Question 39

This is a psychological perspective that rose to prominence (fame) in the mid-20th century. This approach highlighted the individual's innate drive toward self-actualization and the process of realizing and expressing one's own capabilities and creativity.

Answer 39

Humanistic psychology

Question 40

The self that refers to the person that you would like yourself to be; it is the concept of the "best me" who is worthy of admiration.

Answer 40

Ideal self

Question 40

Roger's 2 categories of self

Answer 40

1. Ideal self 2. Real self

Question 41

The self that refers to the person you actually are. It is how you behave right at the moment of a situation. It is who you are in reality - how you think, feel, or act present.

Answer 41

Real self

Question 42

A state when there is a great inconsistency between your ideal and real selves or if the way you are is not aligned with what you want to be.

Answer 42

Incongruence

Question 43

According to Gordon Allport, this is your essential characteristic that never, ever changes and sticks with you all your life. These shape who you are (how you think, feel, or behave, etc.) in any given day.

Answer 43

Traits

Question 44

Psychiatrist Eric Berne began to develop his ___________ model as basis for understanding behaviour.

Answer 44

Transactional analysis

Question 45

3 Ego States in Transactional Analysis

Answer 45

1. Parent ego state 2 . Adult ego state 3. Child ego state

Question 46

This ego state is the voice of authority.

Answer 46

Parent ego state

Question 47

2 types of parent ego state

Answer 47

Nurturing parent Controlling/Critical parent

Question 48

This ego state is the rational person. It is the voice that speaks reasonably and knows how to assert himself.

Answer 48

Adult ego state

Question 49

3 types of child ego states.

Answer 49

The natural child The little professor The adaptive child

Question 50

This type of child ego state loves to play but is sensitive and vulnerable.

Answer 50

The natural child

Question 51

This child ego state is the one who reacts to the world. He or she could be trying to fit in or is rebelling against authority.

Answer 51

The adaptive child

Question 52

Who proposed that the human self has three related, but separable domains?

Answer 52

Gregg Henriques

Question 53

3 DOMAINS (areas) OF THE SELF

Answer 53

1. Experimental self 2. Private self-conscious 3. Public self or persona

Question 54

This domain is described as the theatre of consciousness because it is the first to experience its beingness (the state or fact of existing). It is closely tied to memory.

Answer 54

Experiential self

Question 55

This domain can be described as the narrator or interpreter. It is the self that narrates the unfolding events and at the same time tries to make sense of the experience.

Answer 55

Private self-conscious

Question 56

This domain is the image you project to the public. The image that interacts with others and will influence how others see you.

Answer 56

Public self or persona

Question 57

Who introduced his concept of “false self” and “true self.” Stated that “self” is simply “the healthy person who is me.”

Answer 57

D. W. Winnicott

Question 58

This self is the product of early experience. It is defensive organization formed by the infant because of inadequate mothering or failures in empathy. It develops when the child is constantly expected to follow rules. It is a mask or a persona. Form of self defense that constantly seeks to anticipate others’ demands and comply with them, as a way of protecting the true self from a world that is felt to be unsafe.

Answer 58

False self

Question 59

Term for when the person has false self but can still function both as an individual and in the society.

Answer 59

Healthy false self

Question 60

Term for an individual who may seem comfortable in his or her environment but actually feels forced to fit in and constantly needs to adjust his or her behaviour to adapt to the social situation.

Answer 60

Unhealthy false self

Question 61

This self flourishes in infancy if the mother is positively responsive to the child’s spontaneous expressions It is described as a sense of “self” based on “spontaneous authentic experience” It is an awareness that bodily functions are working, such as the heart pumping, as well as simply breathing. It has a sense of integrity, of connected wholeness.

Answer 61

True self