DEV PSYCH > LESSON 3 > Flashcards

LESSON 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The principal parts of the female reproductive organ includes:

A

the vagina, uterus, fallopian tube and ovaries.

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2
Q

Reproduction starts with the formation of ___ in the ovaries.

A

OVA

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3
Q

Reproduction starts with the formation of ova in the _______.

A

ovaries

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4
Q

An ______ is discharged through the fallopian tube into the uterus. Upon fertilization by sperm, the newly formed zygote becomes embedded in the uterus and later grows into a fetus.

A

ovum

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5
Q

An ovum is discharged through the _______ ______ into the uterus. Upon fertilization by sperm, the newly formed zygote becomes embedded in the uterus and later grows into a fetus.

A

fallopian tube

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6
Q

An ovum is discharged through the fallopian tube into the _______. Upon fertilization by sperm, the newly formed zygote becomes embedded in the uterus and later grows into a fetus.

A

uterus

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7
Q

An ovum is discharged through the fallopian tube into the uterus. Upon fertilization by sperm, the newly formed zygote becomes embedded in the uterus and later grows into a ______.

A

fetus

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8
Q

The ______ ____ are formed in the coiled seminiferous tubule within the testes.

A

sperm cells

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9
Q

The sperm cells are formed in the ______ _________ _____ within the testes.

A

coiled seminiferous tubule

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10
Q

The sperm cells are formed in the coiled seminiferous tubule within the _______.

A

testes

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11
Q

Following their formation, the sperm cells empty into ________. The ________ maturates the sperm fro 18 hours to 10 days to develop motility so as to make them capable of fertilizing the egg.

A

epididymis

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12
Q

The epididymis maturates the sperm from __ _______ to ___ ______ to develop motility so as to make them capable of fertilizing the egg.

A

18 hours, 10 days

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13
Q

The epididymis flows into the ___ ________, where the sperm is stored for a period of 4 days, that is if there is no sexual activity.

A

vas deferens

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14
Q

The epididymis flows into the vas deferens, where the sperm is stored for a period of __ ________, that is if there is no sexual activity.

A

4 days

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15
Q

The epididymis flows into the vas deferens, where the sperm is stored for a period of 4 days , that is if there is no _______ ________.

A

sexual activity

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16
Q

The mucoid feature of the sperm is developed in the ______ _______ while the milky appearance is made by the prostate gland.

A

seminal vesicle

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17
Q

The mucoid feature of the sperm is developed in the seminal vesicle while the milky appearance is made by the ________ ______.

A

prostate gland

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18
Q

Upon emission of the sperm from the seminal vesicle, subsequently the contents of the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland together with the sperm ejaculated into the ___________ ______ to the exterior as semen.

A

ejaculatory duct

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19
Q

Upon emission of the sperm from the seminal vesicle, subsequently the contents of the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland together with the sperm ejaculated into the ejaculatory duct to the exterior as ______.

A

semen

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20
Q

Each ejaculation is ___ ml. in quantity containing 400 to 500 million sperm cells.

A

3.5

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21
Q

Each ejaculation is 3.5 ml. in quantity containing ______ ___ ________ million sperm cells.

A

400 to 500

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22
Q

Below 20 million is considered ______. A sperm cell can live 24 to 48 hours , and an ovum can be fertilized about 24 hours after its release from ovary.

A

sterile

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23
Q

Below 20 million is considered sterile. A sperm cell can live __ ___ ______, and an ovum can be fertilized about 24 hours after its release from ovary.

A

24 to 48 hours

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24
Q

Below 20 million is considered sterile. A sperm cell can live 24 to 48 hours , and an ovum can be fertilized about __ ______ after its release from ovary.

A

24 hours

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25
Fertilization can occur about __ _____ after the beginning of menstrual period or about once every 8 days in a sexually mature female.
14 days
26
Fertilization can occur about 14 days after the beginning of ________ ________ or about once every 8 days in a sexually mature female.
menstrual period
27
It starts at the moment a single sperm unites with an ovum in the ______ of the fallopian tube. The union forms a new cell called a zygote.
oviduct
28
It starts at the moment a single sperm unites with an ovum in the oviduct of the fallopian tube. The union forms a new cell called a _______.
zygote
29
The approximate duration of pregnancy called gestation period with _____ days.
260
30
The approximate duration of pregnancy called _______ _______ with 260 days.
gestation period
31
The prenatal development is classified into three stages:
- germinal - embryonic - fetal states.
32
The prenatal period starts from conception and ends at _____.
birth.
33
GERMINAL STAGE (fertilization to __ weeks)
2
34
36 hours after fertilization, the single cell zygote undergoes a series of repetitive cell divisions(mitosis) to form __ ____.
2 cells
35
After 48 hours or 2 days, they become ___ cells, then 72 hours or 3 days later they produce __-___ cells.
4, 16-32
36
Subsequently, for 3 to 4 days the zygote from the oviduct travels down to fallopian tube and then to the uterus. Between the 7th and 10th days, the cells form a mass of cells called _______.
blastocyst
37
From its outer wall, the ________, a network of blood vessels which carries food and oxygen, is formed.
placenta
38
From its outer wall, the placenta, a network of blood vessels which carries food and oxygen, is formed. The ______ (bag of water) surrounding the embryo and the _____ _____ producing the blood develop.
amion, yolk sac
39
The blastocyst differentiates into three layers of cells:
- ectoderm (outer) - mesoderm (middle) - endoderm (inner)
40
The outer layer, called _______, develops into the outer skin or epidermis and skin glands, pituitary gland, cartilages, linings of mouth to the pharynx, parts of the lining of the rectum, the adrenal medulla, hair, teeth, the sensory organs , and the nervous system.
ectoderm
41
The middle layer called _________ develops into the middle layer of the skin, the muscles , the skeleton, the circulatory system (blood, blood vessels, the heart, and the lymphatic), the excretory system (kidney and duct), and the gonads.
mesoderm
42
The inner layer called _______, develops into the digestive system , the respiratory system (trachea and lungs), the endocrine glands and the bladder.
endoderm
43
The blastocyst differentiates into three layers of cells. The outer layer, called ectoderm, develops into the ______ _____ or epidermis and skin glands, pituitary gland, cartilages, linings of mouth to the pharynx, parts of the lining of the rectum, the adrenal medulla, hair, teeth, the sensory organs , and the nervous system.
outer skin
44
The middle layer called mesoderm develops into the middle layer of the skin, the ______ , the _______, the _______ ______ (blood, blood vessels, the heart, and the lymphatic), the ______ ______ (kidney and duct), and the _____.
muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, excretory system, gonads
45
The inner layer called endoderm, develops into the ______ system, the ________ system (trachea and lungs), the _______ ______ and the bladder.
digestive, respiratory, endocrine glands
46
EMBRYONIC STAGE (age __ weeks to __ months)
2
47
By the 14th day after the fertilization, _______ is already implanted in the uterus. This marks the beginning of the second or embryonic stage of prenatal development.
blastocyst
48
The umbilical cord attaches the placenta functionally to the mother. The foundations for the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, extremities (upper and lower) an the digestive system have been laid on the _________ The 1-1 ½ inches long embryo, weighing one-tenth to one-fifteenth of an ounce, develops at the end of the first month.
8th week.
49
The embryonic stage is known as a ______ period when the embryo is most vulnerable to damage and defect.
critical
50
The embryonic stage is known as a critical period when the embryo is most vulnerable to _______ ___ ______.
damage and defect.
51
A ______ _______ is a specific time interval during which certain kinds of growth need to have appropriate experiences to bring about normal adult functioning if development is to proceed normally.
critical period
52
During the 1st trimester (3 first months) of pregnancy, almost all birth defects occur and chances are, the defects will be _______.
permanent
53
FETAL STAGE (Age ___ _____ to _____)
8 weeks to birth
54
The fetal stage begins with the formation of the ____ _____ cells. Various organs grow functionally and take appearance of the human body. Fingerprints become highly individual at around 2 ½ months.
first bone
55
The fetal stage begins with the formation of the first bone cells. Various organs grow functionally and take appearance of the human body. Fingerprints become highly individual at around ___ _______.
2 ½ months
56
By the end of the _____ month, the fetus can kick and can manipulate its extremities (upper and lower) and can open its mouth, frown and turn his head. The fetus can take few “______”
third, breaths
57
By the end of fifth month, the fetus is ____ ______ ______ and weighs a pound.
one foot long
58
At the end of sixth month, the fetus eyelids are ____ __ __________; it develops grasps, and more than taste buds.
open or can be opened
59
By the end of the seven month, the fetus weighs two pounds and all its ______ ______ have become functional.
organ systems
60
During eight and ninth months, the fetus becomes round and heavy and is able to lift its _____.
head.
61
(Fetal Development) Foundations formed for nervous system, genito-urinary system, skin, bones and lungs.- Buds of arms and legs begin to form.- Rudiments of eyes, ears, and nose appear.
First Lunar Month
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(Fetal Development) Fetus markedly bent- Head disproportionately large, owing to brain development- Sex differentiation begins- centers of bone begin to ossify.
Second Lunar Month
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(Fetal Development) Fingers and toes are distinct- Placenta is complete- Fetal circulation is complete
Third Lunar Month
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(Fetal Development) Sex is differentiated- Rudimentary kidneys secrete urine- Heart beat is present
Fourth Lunar Month
65
(Fetal Development) Lanugo (fine downy hair covering a human fetus) covers entire body- Fetal movements are felt by mother- Heart sound are perceptible with fetoscope
Fifth Lunar Month
66
(Fetal Development) Skin appears wrinkled- Vernix caaseosa appears- Eyebrows and fingernails develop
Sixth Lunar Month
67
(Fetal Development) Skin is red- Papillary membrane disappears- If born, infant cries, breathes, but usually expires
Seventh Lunar Month
68
(Fetal Development) Fetus is viable- Eyelids open- Fingerprints are set- Vigorous fetal movement occur
Eight Lunar Month
69
(Fetal Development) Face and body have loose wrinkled appearance due to subcutaneous fatdeposit- Lanugo disappears- Amniotic fluid decreases somewhat
Ninth Lunar Month
70
First Lunar Month Events:
Foundations form for: nervous system, genito-urinary system, skin, bones, lungs Arm and leg buds begin to appear Rudiments of eyes, ears, and nose develop
71
Fourth Lunar Month Events:
Sex is clearly differentiated Rudimentary kidneys secrete urine Heartbeat is present
71
Second Lunar Month Events:
Fetus is markedly bent Head is disproportionately large due to brain development Sex differentiation begins Centers of bones begin ossifying
72
Third Lunar Month Events:
Fingers and toes are distinct Placenta is complete Fetal circulation is fully functional
73
(Stages of Birth) Dilation of Cervix
First Stage
74
First Stage (Dilation of the Cervix) events:
- Longest Stage - Contractions are 15 -20 mins apart - Cervix opened about 10cm - For first born, it can last for 6-12hrs, then shorter for the next children
75
(Stages of Birth) Descent and Emergence of the Baby
Second stage
76
Second Stage (Descent and Emergence of the Baby) Events:
- Baby's head starts to move through the cervix - Baby is coming out !!! \O0O/ !!! - Approx 45 mins to 1hr
77
(Stages of Birth) Expulsion of the Placenta
Third Stage
78
Third Stage (Expulsion on the Placenta) Events:
- Afterbirth - Placenta, Umbilical cord, and other membranes detached and expelled - Shortest Stage
79
SUBDIVISIONS OF INFANCY (2):
- PERIOD OF THE PARTUNATE - PERIOD OF THE NEONATE
80
(SUBDIVISIONS OF INFANCY) This period begins when the fetal body has emerged from the mother’s body and last until the umbilical cord has been cut and tied.
PERIOD OF THE PARTUNATE
81
(SUBDIVISIONS OF INFANCY) Period of Partunate begins when the fetal body has emerged from the mother’s body and last until the _______ ____ has been cut and tied.
umbilical cord
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(SUBDIVISIONS OF INFANCY) (from the cutting and tying of the umbilical cord to approximately the end of the second week of postnatal life) The infant is now a separate, independent individual and is no longer a parasite. During this period the infant must make adjustments to the new environment outside the mother’s body.
PERIOD OF THE NEONATE
83
(SUBDIVISIONS OF INFANCY) (from the cutting and tying of the umbilical cord to approximately the end of the second week of postnatal life) The infant is now a separate, independent individual and is no longer a _____. During period of neonate, the infant must make adjustments to the new environment outside the mother’s body.
parasite
84
KINDS OF BIRTH (5)
Natural, or Spontaneous birth Breech birth Transverse birth Instrument birth Caesarean section
85
(KINDS OF BIRTH) headfirst position
Natural, or Spontaneous birth
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(KINDS OF BIRTH) buttocks appear first, followed by the legs, and finally, thehead
Breech birth
87
(KINDS OF BIRTH) the fetus is positioned crosswise in the mother’s uterus. Instruments must be used for delivery unless the position can be changed before the birth process begins.
Transverse birth
88
(KINDS OF BIRTH) when the fetus is too large to emerge spontaneously or when its position makes it normal birth impossible, instruments must be used to aid in delivery.
Instrument birth
89
(KINDS OF BIRTH) if x-rays taken during the part of pregnancy indicate that complications may result if the infant emerges through the birth canal, the baby is brought into the world through a slit made surgically in the mother’s abdominal wall.
Caesarean section
90
Chromosomal Abnormalities (4)
Down Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome Fragile Syndrome Turner Syndrome
91
(Chromosomal Abnormalities) extra copy of chromosome 21
Down Syndrome
92
(Chromosomal Abnormalities) extra X Chromosome (XXY)
Klinefelter Syndrome
93
(Chromosomal Abnormalities) Abnormality in X chromosome causes ID
Fragile X Syndrome
94
(Chromosomal Abnormalities) Missing X chromosome for females
Turner Syndrome
95
Gene-Linked Abnormalities (6)
Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Hemophilia Huntington's Phenylketonuria Sickle-Cell Anemia
96
(Gene-Linked Abnormalities) Overproduction of mucus in the lungs and digestive tract
Cystic Fibrosis
97
(Gene-Linked Abnormalities) Does not produce enough insulin
Diabetes
98
(Gene-Linked Abnormalities) Delayed blood clotting
Hemophilia
99
(Gene-Linked Abnormalities) CNS deteriorates producing problem in muscles and mental decline
Huntington's
100
(Gene-Linked Abnormalities) Build up of Phenylalanine in the body
Phenylketonuria
101
(Gene-Linked Abnormalities) Limits body oxygen supply
Sickle-Cell Anemia
102
Fifth Lunar Months Events:
Lanugo (fine hair) covers body Fetal movements are felt by the mother Heartbeat audible with fetoscope
103
Eighth Lunar Month Events:
Fetus is viable outside the womb Eyelids open Fingerprints are set Vigorous fetal movements occur
103
Seventh Lunar Month Events:
Skin is red Papillary membrane disappears If born now, infant can cry and breathe, but survival is uncertain
103
Sixth Lunar Month Events:
Wrinkled skin appears Vernix caseosa forms (protective skin coating) Eyebrows and fingernails develop
104
Ninth Lunar Month Events:
Loose, wrinkled skin due to subcutaneous fat deposition Lanugo disappears Amniotic fluid slightly decreases Fetus is fully developed and ready for birth
105
Treatment for Down Syndrome
Surgery, SPED
106
Treatment for Klinefelter Syndrome
Hormone Therapy
107
Treatment for Fragile X Syndrome
SPED, Speech Therapy
108
Treatment for Turner Syndrome
Hormone Therapy
109
Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis
Physical Therapy
110
Treatment for Diabetes
Insulin
111
Treatment for Hemophilia
Blood Transfusion
112
Treatment for Phenylketonuria
Special Diet
113
Treatment for Huntington's
No Cure
114
Treatment for Sickle-Cell Anemia
Penicillin, Antibiotics, Pain Reliever
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