What does evolution mean according to Charles Darwin?
Descent with modification
Individuals of the same species that occupy a given area at the same time.
population
Which two ancient philosophers described concepts of change in living organisms over time?
Empedocles and Aristotle.
Who attributed change in organisms to the environment but still believed in special creation of species
Georges-Louis Buffon
Who was Charles Darwin’s grandfather and believed in the common ancestry of all organisms?
Erasmus Darwin
Who proposed that organisms develop or modify organs as needs arise due to environmental change?
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
When and where was Charles Darwin born?
February 12, 1809, in England
Why did Darwin leave medical school
He could not bear the sight of people in pain.
On which ship did Darwin serve as a naturalist, and when?
HMS Beagle, in 1831
What book did Darwin publish in 1859 that revolutionized biology
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Which geologist’s book influenced Darwin’s ideas about gradual change
Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology
What two ideas did Lyell’s book suggest to Darwin?
The Earth is much older than 6,000 years.
If Earth changes gradually, living organisms could also change gradually.
What fossils did Darwin find in Argentina?
Toxodon (hippopotamus-like), Thoatherium (horse-like), giant armadillos, giant sloths.
What did Darwin observe about Galapagos tortoises?
Tortoises from dry regions had longer necks than those from wetter habitats
What did Darwin observe about Galapagos finches
They showed variations suggesting common ancestry, each adapted to different habitats.
Formation of new forms from an ancestral species in response to new habitats.
adaptive radiation
What essay by Thomas Malthus influenced Darwin
Essay on the Principle of Population
What did Malthus believe about human population growth?
It has the potential to increase geometrically
What are the four requirements for natural selection?
High reproductive potential.
Inherited variation exists.
Constant struggle for limited resources (many die).
Adaptive traits become more common in later generations.
A heritable change in phenotype that increases chances of reproduction in a given environment
adaptation
Who developed a theory of evolution similar to Darwin’s?
Alfred Russel Wallace
Change in allele frequencies in a population over time
microevolution
Large-scale evolutionary changes that result in extinction or formation of new species
macroevolution
The study of the geographic distribution of organisms
biogeography
