Lesson 8- Reliability + Validity

Question 1

Reliability

Answer 1

Consistency of a research study

Question 2

Internal reliability
How do you assess it

Answer 2

Whether a piece of research is consistent
looks at the measuring instrument used to gain data
Split half technique assesses internal reliability of questionnaires

Question 3

External reliability

Answer 3

Whether a test result is consistent over time (test-retest method)
If you repeat a study again you would get the same result

Question 4

Validity

Answer 4

If a study has validity then it is measuring what it intends to measure from the aim

Question 5

Internal validity

Answer 5

When the result of the study is a direct result of the manipulation of the IV

Question 6

External validity

Answer 6

Basically ecological validity (applied to other settings)

Question 7

Participant variables

Answer 7

Characteristics of the pps which may affect the DV
Choosing an appropriate experimental design can help overcome any extraneous variables (matched pairs+ repeated measures)

Question 8

Situational variables
How do you fix it

Answer 8

Factors in rhe environment where the experiment is conducted that could affect the DV
Resolve this by standardisation (making sure all conditions materials + instructions are the same)

Question 9

Experimenter variables
How do you avoid this

Answer 9

Factors connected to the experimenter which can affect the DV
personality, appearance, conduct of experimenter
To avoid this give a script and speak in same manner/tone (standardised instructions)

Question 10

Single blind technique
Where is it hard to do

Answer 10

Pps don’t know what the aim or hypothesis is
Helps avoid demand characteristics
Harder to accomplish in repeated measures

Question 11

Double blind technique

Answer 11

Pps or investigator don’t know the hypothesis
Can avoid investigator effects

Question 12

Participant validity

Answer 12

Results from pps used in the study can be generalised to target pop

Question 13

Temporal validity

Answer 13

Results from study can be generalised to ppl in today’s contemporary society

Question 14

3 types of extraneous variables

Answer 14

Participant variables
Situational variables
Experimental variables

Question 15

Investigator effects
How do you overcome it

Answer 15

May unknowingly influence the results of their research
Age gender ethnicity can affect behaviour of pps- invalid data
Observer bias and interviewer effetcs are a type of investigator effects
Can be overcome by double blind technique

Question 16

How to overcome demand characteristics

Answer 16

Single blind technique