In limbic encephalitis in cats, antibodies against which type of channels exist? Name the antibodies
- voltage gated potassium channels
- LGI1 (leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1)
What percentage of cats with limbic encephalitis and VGKC-antibodies were found to have LGI-1 antibodies?
- 81%
What is the most common clinical
presentation of cats with LGI1 antibody limbic encephalitis?
a) generalized tonic clonic seizures and hypersalivation
b) focal seizures and clustering
c) interictal behavior changes and hyperthermia
d) hyperthermia and hypersalivation
b) —> 83% focal seizures and 88% clusterin, 73% interictal behavior changes
FEPSO (feline partial cluster seizures orofacial involvement) is clinical manifestation of temporal lobe epilepsy
What percentage of cats with LGI1 limbic encephalitis is euthanized due to resistant disease?
a) 17%
b) 27%
c) 37%
d) 47%
b)
—> 18% did not survive the first year
True or false regarding LGI (leucine-rich glioma-inactivated) protein
a) a mutation in LGI1 leads to benign juvenile epilepsy in Lagotto Romanolo
b) these proteins have a secretory function and play a key role in synaptic transmission in the hippocampus
c) antibodies against LGI2 in cats cause limbic encephalitis
d) LGI1 protein stabilizes AMPA receptors
a) —> false, mutation in LGI2 leads to epilepsy
b) —> true
c) —> false, LGI1 antibodies
d) true
What changes in CSF do you expect in limbic encephalitis in cats?
- none
Which statement is true regarding limbic encephalitis in cats?
A) LGI1 negative cats have a better outcome than positive cats
B) 1 year survival is 75%
C) presence of CASPR 2 antibodies have a negative impact on outcome
D) the number of seizure before treatment have no influence in outcome
B)
Name MRI sequences, planes, level and describe changes
- left FLAIR, right T1 post contrast
- transverse
- level of the hippocampus
- bilateral symmetrical hyperintensity in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus in FLAIR
- marked heterogenous contrast enhancement in T1
Is this EEG montage of a cat with limbic encephalitis referential or bipolar? Which trace is changed most?
- bipolar montage
- Fp1 O1 with most positive spikes
- Subclinical partial epileptic seizure which started on the left occipital (01) region and spread to the left side, towards the frontal and right occipital (02) regions.
Rhythmic positive spike activity with growing amplitude appeared first at lead 4 (Fp1/01, left side). Positive spike activity together with the 01-02 negative activity indicated O1 origin. The rhythmic discharges with mildly lower amplitude almost immediately appeared from all leads connected with the occipital fields (01, 02) showing 01-02 propagation. The negative activity of discharges at the 01-02 lead clearly showed again left-sided origin (O1). The seizure discharges propagated towards the anterior leads (fpl electrode).
The amplitude was greatest at lead 4 (Fp1/01). The frequency was about 8 Hz.
