Otitis

Question 1

Which percentage of cats with otitis media/intera and intact tympanic membrane, could be treated successfully with endoscopic myringotomy and flushing?

Answer 1

• 70%

Question 2

What are the most common reasons for vestibular disease in dogs? Which clinical signs can help to distinguish?

Answer 2

• notice: facial paralysis often present in idiopathic vestibular disease, Horner syndrome absent
• Horner syndrome often present in otitis media/interna

Question 3

What are the most common reasons for vestibular disease in cats? Which clinical signs can help to distinguish?

Answer 3

• Otitis Media / Interna (OM/OI)
• Idiopathic Vestibular Syndrome
• Intracranial Neoplasia
• Middle Ear Polyp
• Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
• Thiamine Deficiency
• Intracranial Empyema

Question 4

What is a negative prognostic factor for complete recovery of idiopathic vestibular disease?

Answer 4

• CNVII and VIII contrast enhancement in MRI

Question 5

Why should you not to single-stage bilateral VBO in cats?

Answer 5

Postoperative respiratory complications occurred in:
- 9 % of unilateral VBO
- 29 % of staged bilateral VBO
- 47 % of single-stage bilateral VBO

Horner’s syndrome developed in 68.2 % of all procedures; 19.4 % of these cases were permanent.

Head tilt was seen in 30.1 % of procedures; 22.1 % of those persisted long-term.

Facial nerve paralysis occurred in 13.5 % of procedures; 8.0 % were permanent.

Local disease recurrence rate: 6.2 %.

Cats that already had Horner syndrome, head tilt, or facial paralysis before surgery had significantly higher odds (2.6×, 3.3×, and 5.6×, respectively) of these conditions persisting permanently after surgery.

Question 6

What is the most common cause for bilateral trigeminal dysfunction?

Answer 6

Etiology distribution:
Neoplasia: 31 %
Neuritis: 16 %
Idiopathic trigeminal neuropathy (ITN): 53 %

Clinical laterality:
Bilateral signs strongly associated with ITN (≈95.7 % probability).
Unilateral signs more likely in Neoplasia or Neuritis.

Sensory deficits:
Presence of trigeminal sensory deficits significantly associated with Neoplasia or Neuritis, not ITN.

MRI findings:
Ipsilateral middle ear effusion observed only in dogs with Neoplasia (≈33 %).

Horner’s syndrome occurred in 12 % of dogs, distributed across all etiologies.
Dogs with Neoplasia were significantly older than dogs with ITN or Neuritis.

Question 7

Which disease is most commonly seen with cervical myelopathy and concurrent Horner syndrome?

Answer 7

• ischemic myelopathy