Lipid Introduction

Question 1

Lipids are a concentrated source of what?

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

Every plant or animal cell has ____ in it.

Answer 2

fat

Question 2

What is the percursor for hormones, bile, vitamin D, etc.?

Answer 2

fats

Question 3

What increases absorption of fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 3

fats

Question 4

What insulates organs and nerves?

Answer 4

fats

Question 5

Animals love the taste of fat, which improves the diet ______.

Answer 5

palatbility

Question 6

1 gram of anhydrous fat stores how much more energy than wet tissue?

Answer 6

6-7x more

Question 7

Fats are _____ advantageous as an energy storage than carbohydrates.

Answer 7

more

Question 8

Would you use lipids or carbohydrates for energy?

Answer 8

lipids

Question 9

Why would you use lipids for energy storage?

Answer 9

more C-H bonds means that it is more likely to be oxidized

Question 10

Glucose is a _____ reduced state, meaning what?

Answer 10

less

less potential for oxidation

Question 11

What are the 3 functions of body fat?

Answer 11

1. cushions organs
2. insulates the body
3. source of stored calories in times of sickness or fast

Question 12

Germ contains what in grains and seeds?

Answer 12

oils, or fats

Question 12

Lipids have 2 based groups, what are they?

Answer 12

1. glycerol-based
2. non-glycerol based

Question 13

Does glycerol-based or non-glycerol based contribute more?

Answer 13

glycerol-based

Question 14

What are the 2 groups of glycerol based lipids?

Answer 14

1. simple
2. compound

Question 15

Fats and oils are a part of which glycerol based group?

Answer 15

simple

Question 16

Glycolipids and phosphoglycerides are a part of which glycerol-based group?

Answer 16

compound

Question 17

What is the building block for fats?

Answer 17

fatty acids

Question 18

What are the 2 types of fatty acids?

Answer 18

unsaturated and saturated

Question 19

Which type of fatty acid has double bonds?

Answer 19

unsaturated

Question 20

Carbon can attach to which other atoms in fats?

Answer 20

Oxygen, Hydrogen, or Carbon

Question 21

Saturated carbon chains have the maximum amount of which atom?

Answer 21

hydrogen

Question 22

Which fatty acid is solid at room temperature?

Answer 22

saturated

Question 23

Which fatty acid is typically liquid at room temperature?

Answer 23

unsaturated

Question 24

As the chain length increases, the melting point ______.

Answer 24

increases

Question 25

Fatty acids synthesized by plants and animals have an _____ number of carbons.

Answer 25

even

Question 26

Which group on a fatty acid chain makes it an acid?

Answer 26

carboxyl group

Question 27

Animal oils are ______ and vegetable oils are _____.

Answer 27

solid, liquid

Question 28

What are the 3 vegetable oils that have an exception to being solid?

Answer 28

cocoa butter, palm, and coconut oil

Question 29

Saturated oil molecules are ______ packed.

Answer 29

tightly

Question 30

Unsaturated oil molecules are ______ packed.

Answer 30

loosely, can't be

Question 31

Fatty acid melting point is markedly dependent on what 2 things?

Answer 31

1. chain length 2. degree of saturation

Question 32

Melting point decreases with what?

Answer 32

the number of double bonds

Question 33

Individual fatty acids can be identified by which 2 numerical nomenclature systems?

Answer 33

delta and omega designation

Question 34

Omega designation carbon numbering starts at which end?

Answer 34

methyl end

Question 35

Delta designation carbon numbering starts at which end?

Answer 35

carboxyl end

Question 36

Cis and trans depend on what?

Answer 36

position of H atom

Question 37

Would cis or trans have a very large kink in unsaturated fats?

Answer 37

cis

Question 38

Non-conjugated structures have what?

Answer 38

methylene groups

Question 39

Conjugated structures do not have what?

Answer 39

methylene groups

Question 40

Linolenic and Linoleic acids have how many double bonds and how many kinks?

Answer 40

2 double bonds 2 kinks

Question 41

The more double bonds in a fatty acid, the ______ the melting point is.

Answer 41

lower

Question 42

What does n-3 mean in the context of omega fatty acids?

Answer 42

omega-3 fatty acid

Question 43

What does n-6 mean in the context of omega fatty acids?

Answer 43

omega-6 fatty acid

Question 44

-anoic means how many double bonds?

Answer 44

0

Question 45

-enoic means how many double bonds?

Answer 45

1

Question 46

-dienoic means how many double bonds?

Answer 46

2

Question 47

-trienoic means how many double bonds?

Answer 47

3

Question 48

-tetraenoic means how many double bonds?

Answer 48

4

Question 49

-pentaenoic means how many double bonds?

Answer 49

5

Question 50

What is the notational name for linoleic acid?

Answer 50

18:2 n-6

Question 51

What is the notational name for a-linolenic acid?

Answer 51

18:3 n-3

Question 52

What affects stability?

Answer 52

saturation

Question 53

Unsaturated fats can spoil due to what?

Answer 53

oxidation

Question 54

To protect products from spoiling, what 3 things can you do?

Answer 54

1. air-tight seals 2. add antioxidants 3. saturate the product or partially-hydrogenation

Question 55

What is partial hydrogenation?

Answer 55

reductive chemical reactions resulting in the addition of hydrogen atoms to the double bonds

Question 56

Hydrogenation changes the ______ of the structure.

Answer 56

shape

Question 57

Trans fats act more as which fat type?

Answer 57

saturated

Question 58

Can trans fats cause health problems to humans?

Answer 58

not proven

Question 59

Essential fatty acid deficiency will cause what symptoms for the skin and fur?

Answer 59

dry and flaky skin coat is greasy and dull coarse texture

Question 60

What are the 2 unsaturated essential fatty acids?

Answer 60

linolenic and linoleic acids

Question 61

Linolenic acid is what omega fatty acid?

Answer 61

omega-3 fatty acid

Question 62

Linoleic acid is what omega fatty acid?