[2nd] PHARMACEUTICS (PHARMA 212) > LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS: single-phase system > Flashcards

LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS: single-phase system Flashcards

(33 cards)

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1
Q

LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS

A

I. SINGLE-PHASE SYSTEM

II. DISPERSED SYSTEM

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2
Q

I. SINGLE-PHASE SYSTEM

A

I. SINGLE-PHASE SYSTEM

A. SOLUTIONS
* water
* alcohol
* glycerin
* propylene glycol
* fixed oils

CLASSIFICATION
1. AQUEOUS SOLUTION
- aromatic/medicated water
- diluted acids
- topical solutions: astringents, anti-infective agents
- douches
- enemas
- mouthwashes
- gargles

  1. SWEET & OTHER VISCID AQUEOUS SOLUTION
    - syrups
    - linctuses
  2. ALCOHOLIC or HYDROALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS
    - elixirs
    - tinctures
    - magmas/milk
    - lotions
    - mixtures
    - spirits/essences
    - fluidextracts
  3. other NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
    - liniments
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3
Q
  • Substances dissolved in a suitable solvent
  • Mixture of MISCIBLE solvents
  • Classified based on their route of administration or composition
A

LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS

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4
Q

Classification of Liquid Dosage Forms

A

A. MONOPHASIC LDF
Internal Use:
- syrup, mixture, tinctures, elixirs, parental oral
External Use:
- mouth (gargle, mouthwash), skin (lotions), others (nasal drops, ear drops)

B. BIPHASIC LDF
Internal Use:
- suspension
External Use:
- emulsion

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5
Q

I. Single Phase Systems

A. Solutions

Advantages:
* __________ dose
* Immediate availability of absorption
* __________ dosing

A

Advantages:
* Homogenous dose
* Immediate availability of absorption
* Flexible dosing

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6
Q

Disadvantages of SOLUTIONS

*____________ Bulky
* Difficult to mask unpleasant taste and odor
* LESS STABLE than ________
* Interact with another component

A
  • Bulky
  • Difficult to mask unpleasant taste and odor
  • Less stable than solid DF
  • Interact with another component
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7
Q

Solution Solubility

Parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute

  1. ________ = ________
  2. ________ = ________
  3. ________= ________
  4. ________ = ________
  5. ________ = ________
  6. ________ = ________
  7. ________ = ________
A

Solution Solubility

Parts of solvent required for 1 part of solute

  1. Very Soluble = <1
  2. Freely Soluble = 1-10
  3. Soluble = 10-30
  4. Sparingly Soluble = 30-100
  5. Slightly Soluble = 100-1,000
  6. Very Slightly Soluble = 1,000-10,000
  7. Insoluble = >10,000
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8
Q

I. SINGLE-PHASE SYSTEM
A. SOLUTIONS
* ___________
* ___________
* ___________
* ___________
* ___________

A

I. SINGLE-PHASE SYSTEM
A. SOLUTIONS
* water
* alcohol
* glycerin
* propylene glycol
* fixed oils

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9
Q

A. Solutions (Solvents)
1. Water
* Most common

Types of Water:
a. _______________
- Naturally occurring water exerts its solvent effect on most substances it contacts and, thus, is impure, containing varying amounts of dissolved inorganic salts

  • usually sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron; chlorides; sulfates; and bicarbonates, along with dissolved and undissolved organic matter and microorganisms
A

a. Purified Water

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10
Q

A. Solutions (Solvents)
1. Water
* Most common

Types of Water:

b. __________________

  • purified by distillation or by reverse osmosis and meets the same standards for the presence of total solids
  • not more than 1 mg/100 mL
  • highly purified water that meets the strict quality requirements set by global pharmacopeias
A

b. Water for Injection

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11
Q

A. Solutions (Solvents)
1. Water
* Most common

Types of Water:

c. ____________________

  • packaged in single-dose containers not larger than 1L
  • sterile, nonpyrogenic, distilled water in a single dose container for intravenous administration after addition of a suitable solute
  • It may also be used as a dispensing container for diluent use
  • No antimicrobial or other substance has been added.
A

c. Sterile Water for Injection

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12
Q

A. Solutions (Solvents)
1. Water
* Most common

Types of Water:

d. __________________

  • sterile water for injection containing one or more suitable antimicrobial agents;
  • packaged in prefilled syringes or in vials containing not more than 30 mL of the water
A

d. Bacteriostatic Water for Injection

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13
Q

A. Solutions (Solvents)
1. Water
* Most common

Types of Water:

e. _____________________

  • prepared from Water for Injection that is sterilized and suitably packaged
  • It contains no added antimicrobial agents.
A

e. Sterile Water for Inhalation

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14
Q

A. Solutions (Solvents)
1. Water
* Most common

Types of Water:

f. _____________________

  • sterile water intended for external use, such as wound irrigation, surgical washing, or moistening medical devices
A

f. Sterile Water for Irrigation

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15
Q
  1. ___________
    * Aka _________/_________
    * Can dissolve water-insoluble substances
    * Used with co-solvents

Alcohol Content Limit:
Age
a. <6 years old = ____%
b. 6-12 years old = ____%
c. 12 years old = ____%

Types of Alcohol:
a. ______________
b. ______________
c. ______________
d. ______________

A
  1. Alcohols
    * Aka Ethyl alcohol/Ethanol
    * Can dissolve water-insoluble substances
    * Used with co-solvents

Alcohol Content Limit:
Age
a. <6 years old = 0.5%
b. 6-12 years old = 5%
c. 12 years old = 10%

Types of Alcohol:
a. Alcohol, USP
b. Dehydrated Alcohol
c. Rubbing Alcohol
d. Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol

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16
Q
  1. ________________
  • Syrupy liquid with a sweet taste
  • Miscible with both water and alcohol
  • Humectant, emollient, and preservative
17
Q
  1. ________________
  • Viscous
  • MISCIBLE to both water and alcohol
  • Substitute for Glycerin
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A
  1. Propylene Glycol
18
Q
  1. ______________
    * Vegetable Origin

Examples:
a. __________
b. __________
c. __________
d. __________

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A
  1. Fixed Oils
    * Vegetable Origin

Examples:
a. Corn Oil
b. Cottonseed Oil
c. Peanut Oil
d Sesame Oil

19
Q

CLASSIFICATION
1. AQUEOUS SOLUTION

  • _________________
  • _________________
  • _________________: ______, ______
  • _________________
  • _________________
  • _________________
  • _________________
Study These Flashcards
A

CLASSIFICATION
1. AQUEOUS SOLUTION

  • aromatic/medicated water
  • diluted acids
  • topical solutions: astringents, anti-infective agents
  • douches
  • enemas
  • mouthwashes
  • gargles
20
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS

  1. Aqueous Solution
    * Vehicle is mainly water

a. ______________
* Saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils or other aromatic substances

Examples:
- ______________
- ______________

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A

a. Aromatic Water/Medicated Water

Examples:
- Peppermint Water, USP
- Stronger Rose Water, USP

21
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS

  1. Aqueous Solution
    * Vehicle is mainly water

b. _____________
* Prepared by diluting concentrated acids with purified water

Examples:
- _____________

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A

b. Diluted acids

Examples:
- Diluted HCI

22
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS

  1. Aqueous Solution
    * Vehicle is mainly water

c. ______________
i. ___________
Examples:
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________

ii. ___________
Examples:
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________

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A

c. Topical Solutions
i. ASTRINGENTS
Examples:
- Aluminum Acetate
- Calcium Hydroxide
- Coal Tar

ii. ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
Examples:
- Hydrogen Peroxide
- Povidone lodine
- Chlorhexidine Gluconate

23
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS

  1. Aqueous Solution
    * Vehicle is mainly water

d. _______________
*Aqueous solutions directed against a part into a cavity of the body

Examples:
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________

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A

d. Douches

Examples:
- Eye Douche
- Pharyngeal Douche
- Vaginal Douche

24
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS

  1. Aqueous Solution
    * Vehicle is mainly water

e. ____________
* Aqueous solutions administered rectally

Examples:
- ____________
- ____________

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A

e. Enemas

Examples:
- Evacuation Enema
- Retention Enema

25
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS 1. Aqueous Solution * Vehicle is mainly water f. ___________ * Used by swishing the liquid in the oral cavity to cleanse the mouth Examples: - ___________®
f. Mouthwashes Examples: - Listerine ®
26
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLUTIONS 1. Aqueous Solution * Vehicle is mainly water g. ___________ * Aqueous solutions used for treating pharynx and nasopharynx ex. - _______________
g. Gargles ex. - Hexetidine (Bactidol)
27
2. Sweet and Other Viscid Aqueous Solutions a. _________________ * Concentrated aqueous solutions of sugar or sugar substitute * With or without flavoring agents and medicinal substances * May contain alcohol as preservatives types: i. ____________ * ___% __/__or ___% __/__ ii. ____________ iii. ____________
a. Syrups i. Simple Syrup *85% w/v or 65% w/w ii. Flavored Syrup iii. Medicated Syrup
28
2. Sweet and Other Viscid Aqueous Solutions b. ____________ * Viscous oral liquid that contains high concentration of syrup * Dissolved in a suitable base
b. Linctuses
29
3. ______________________ * Solvent may be pure alcohol or alcohol mixed with water a. ________ * Alcohol content ___-___% i. __________ Elixir ii. _________ Elixir
3. Alcoholic or Hydroalcoholic Solutions a. Elixirs * Alcohol content 5 - 40% i. Medicated Elixir ii. Non-Medicated Elixir
30
3. Alcoholic or Hydroalcoholic Solutions b. __________ * Alcohol content varies * Strength: 10% w/v Examples: - __________ - __________ - __________ - __________
b. Tinctures * Alcohol content varies * Strength: 10% w/v Examples: - Laudanum - Paregoric - lodine Tincture - Compound Benzoin Tincture
31
3. Alcoholic or Hydroalcoholic Solutions c. ___________ * Hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile oils * Alcohol content: ___-___% Examples: - _______________ - _______________ - _______ and ________
c. Spirits/Essences * Hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile oils * Alcohol content: 50-90% Examples: - Aromatic Ammonia Spirit - Peppermint Spirit - Brandy and Whisky
32
3. Alcoholic or Hydroalcoholic Solutions d. ___________ * From vegetable drugs (ONLY) prepared by percolation CASCARA *100% Tinctures Examples: - ___________
d. Fluidextracts * From vegetable drugs (ONLY) prepared by percolation CASCARA *100% Tinctures Examples: - Cascara sagrada Fluidextract
33
4. Other Non-Aqueous Solutions a. ____________ *Intended to be rubbed on the skin i. __________ ii. __________
4. Other Non-Aqueous Solutions a. Liniments *Intended to be rubbed on the skin i. Alcoholic ii. Oleaginous
[2nd] PHARMACEUTICS (PHARMA 212)
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