AB - Anatomy > Lower limb > Flashcards

Lower limb Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Which 8 muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Iliacus
Psoas
Pectineus

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2
Q

Which cutaneous nerve does the femoral nerve give off?

A

Saphenous nerve

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3
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip flexion
Knee extension

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4
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the femoral nerve but is a medial thigh compartment muscle?

A

Pectineus

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5
Q

Which 5 muscles does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus

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6
Q

What is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip adduction

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7
Q

Which 3 muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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8
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

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9
Q

Which cutaneous nerve does the tibial nerve give off?

A

Sural nerve

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10
Q

Which 7 muscles does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior

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11
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the common peroneal (fibular) nerve?

A

Deep fibular nerve
Superficial fibular nerve

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12
Q

Which 4 muscles does the deep fibular nerve innervate?

A

Fibularis tertius (peroneus)
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior

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13
Q

Which nerve provides sensation to the 5th toe?

A

Sural nerve

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14
Q

Which nerve provides innervation to the webspace between 1st + 2nd toe?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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15
Q

Which 2 muscles does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

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16
Q

What are the nerve roots of the femoral + obturator nerve?

A

L2 - L4

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17
Q

What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4 - S3

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18
Q

Which ligament is found in the head of the femur?

A

Ligamentum teres

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19
Q

Describe the position of Shenton’s line when drawn on an X-ray.

A

Drawn along inferior border of the femoral neck and the superior border of the obturator foramen

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20
Q

Which deep fascia covers the thigh?

A

Fascia lata

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21
Q

Which deep fascia covers the leg?

A

Crural fascia

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22
Q

The IT band is the aponeurosis of what?

A

Gluteus maximus + tensor fascia latae

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23
Q

Which muscle inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A

Iliopsoas

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24
Q

Which pathology could mimic a femoral hernia?

A

Psoas abscess

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25
What sign would a patient have with loss of function of the quadriceps?
Difficulty getting out of a chair
26
Which artery passes through the adductor hiatus? What does it become?
Femoral artery - becomes popliteal artery
27
What is the origin of the hamstring muscles?
Ischial tuberosity
28
From a posterior view, which nerve emerges medial to the sciatic nerve?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
29
What are the 6 main branches of the lumbar plexus?
Iliohypogastric Ilioinguinal Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Femoral Genitofemoral Obturator
30
What are the 5 main branches of the sacral plexus?
Sciatic Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal Pudendal Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
31
Which nerve passes deep to the inguinal ligament + medial to the ASIS to enter the thigh?
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
32
Which pathology is compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
Meralgia paraesthetica
33
Which artery becomes the common femoral artery?
External iliac artery
34
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament Sartorius Adductor longus
35
What are the boundaries of the femoral canal?
Inguinal ligament Pectineus Femoral vein Lacunar ligament
36
What are the attachment points of the patella bone?
Quadriceps tendon Patella ligament
37
Which examination is used to check the integrity of the ACL?
Lachman test
38
Which examination is used to check the integrity of the PCL?
Drawer test
39
The ACL attaches to which femoral condyle?
Lateral
40
The PCL attaches to which femoral condyle?
Medial
41
Which ligaments resist valgus + varus forces at the knee?
Medial + lateral collateral ligaments
42
What is meant by close-packing of the knee joint?
On full extension of the knee, the femur rotates medially on the tibia, which tenses the ligaments of the knee
43
Which muscle unlocks a fully extended knee + how?
Popliteus - by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia
44
What is the function, innervation + blood supply of the anterior leg compartment?
Foot dorsiflexion + inversion Deep fibular nerve Anterior tibial artery
45
What is the function, innervation + blood supply of the lateral leg compartment?
Foot evertors Superficial fibular nerve Fibular artery
46
What is the function, innervation + blood supply of the posterior leg compartment?
Foot plantarflexion + inversion Tibial nerve Posterior tibial artery
47
Knee joint swelling will extend into which bursa?
Suprapatellar bursa
48
Where is the common fibular nerve most at risk of compression?
As it winds around the neck of the fibula
49
Which structures are damaged in foot drop?
Common fibular nerve / deep fibular nerve Tibialis anterior
50
Excessive inversion of the foot can cause which 2 injuries?
Avulsion of the 5th metatarsal tuberosity by fibularis brevis Damage to anterior talofibular ligament
51
The small saphenous vein drains into where?
Popliteal vein
52
The great saphenous vein drains into where?
Femoral vein
53
Describe the anatomical location of the great saphenous vein in relation to the patella.
Passes 7-10cm posterior to the patella on the medial side of the knee
54
Damage to which nerve would cause an inability to resist foot inversion?
Superficial fibular nerve
55
The tarsal tunnel is located between which 2 bones?
Medial malleolus Calcaneus
56
What are the 6 structures which run through the tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior?
Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial vein Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus
57
What is the most commonly injured ligament of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?
Anterior talofibular ligament
58
Which nerve innervates the majority of the plantar foot?
Tibial nerve
59
Whcih nerve innervates the majority of the dorsal foot?
Superficial fibular nerve
60
Plantar fasciitis pain is exacerbated by which 2 things?
Passive digit dorsiflexion Pressure over the medial calcaneal tuberosity
61
Weakness / paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the feet can cause what?
Collapse of arches
62
Blood supply to the dorsal foot mainly comes from which artery?
Anterior tibial artery
63
Blood supply to the plantar foot mainly comes from which artery?
Posterior tibial artery
64
A Morton's neuroma is located between which 2 digits?
3 + 4
65
What are the 7 tarsal bones?
Calcaneus Talus Cuboid Navicular Lateral cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Medial cuneiform
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