Managing Coasts

Question 1

Hard Engineering methods

4

Answer 1

• Sea walls
• Groynes
• Rock armour
• Gabions

Question 2

Soft engineering methods

2

Answer 2

• Beach nourishment
• Dune regeneration

Question 3

wat is beach nourishment

Answer 3

• sand/shingle dredged offshore and transported to coast by barge
• it is dumped on beach and shaped by bulldozers creating a wider, higher beach (known as re-profiling)

Question 4

wat is dune rege.

Answer 4

marram grass is planted to stabilise dunes and help them develop - effective buffers to sea.
fences keep ppl off newly planted areas

Question 5

Cost of sea wall

Answer 5

£5k-10k/m

Question 6

+ves of sea wall

2

Answer 6

• effective at stopping sea
• often creates a walkway

Question 7

-ves of sea wall

2

Answer 7

• can look obtrusive and unnatural
• v. $ - h. maintenance costs

Question 8

cost of groynes

Answer 8

timber groynes £150k each (every 200m)

Question 9

+ves groynes

2

Answer 9

• creates a wider beach - gd for tourism
• not too $

Question 10

-ves groynes

2

Answer 10

• interrupting lsd - increased erosion elsewhere
• unnatural + rock groynes r unattractive

Question 11

cost of rock armour

Answer 11

£200k/100m

Question 12

+ves rock armour

2

Answer 12

• relatively cheap; easy to maintain
• can add interest to the coast

Question 13

-ves rock armour

3

Answer 13

• rocks r often from elsewhere and don’t fit in w/ local geology
• $ to transport rock
• can be obtrusive

Question 14

cost of gabions

Answer 14

up to £50k/100m

Question 15

+ves of gabions

3

Answer 15

• cheap to prod.
• can improve cliff drainage
• eventaully become vegetated and merge into landscape

Question 16

-ves of gabions

2

Answer 16

• unattractive initially
• cages rust within 5-10 years

Question 17

cost of beach nourishment

Answer 17

up to £500k/100m

Question 18

+ves of beach nourishment

3

Answer 18

• relatively cheap and easy to maintain
• blends in w/existing beach
• bigger beach increases tourist potential

Question 19

-ves of beach nourishment

1

Answer 19

needs constant maintenance

Question 20

dune regen. cost

Answer 20

£200-£2k / 100m

Question 21

+ves dune regen.

2

Answer 21

• maintains a natural env. - gd 4 wildlife
• relatively cheap

Question 22

-ves dune regen.

2

Answer 22

• time-consuming to plant grass + construct fencing
• can be damaged by storms