MARK 302 TEST #2

Question 1

Q1. Which measurement scale simply categorizes data without any order or ranking?
A) Ordinal
B) Nominal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Answer 1

Answer: B

Question 2

A restaurant codes male customers as “0” and female customers as “1.” Which scale is being used?
A) Nominal
B) Interval
C) Ratio
D) Ordinal

Answer 2

Answer: A

Question 3

A survey asks customers to rank five pizza toppings from favorite to least favorite. Which scale is this?
A) Nominal
B) Interval
C) Ordinal
D) Ratio

Answer 3

Answer: C

Question 4

In which scale are the distances between numbers equal, but there is no true zero point?
A) Ratio
B) Nominal
C) Ordinal
D) Interval

Answer 4

Answer: D

Question 5

A temperature change from 20°C to 30°C is the same distance as from 30°C to 40°C. What kind of scale is this?
A) Interval
B) Ordinal
C) Ratio
D) Nominal

Answer 5

A

Question 6

A scale that allows you to say “twice as much” because it has an absolute zero is:
A) Interval
B) Ordinal
C) Nominal
D) Ratio

Answer 6

Answer: D

Question 7

(Scenario) A company measures sales in dollars. Which measurement scale applies?
A) Ratio
B) Interval
C) Nominal
D) Ordinal

Answer 7

Answer: A

Question 8

What is the first step in designing a questionnaire?
A) Question wording
B) Question format
C) Planning what to ask
D) Pretesting

Answer 8

Answer: C

Question 9

Which step involves deciding between open-ended and closed-ended questions?
A) Deciding on question format
B) Question wording
C) Sequence and layout
D) Planning what to ask

Answer 9

Answer: A

Question 10

(Scenario) You ask respondents, “What are your reasons for choosing electric cars?”
A) Closed-ended question
B) Open-ended question
C) Rating scale
D) Rank order scale

Answer 10

Answer: B

Question 11

Which of the following is a closed-ended question format?
A) Check-list
B) Narrative response
C) Open explanation
D) Essay-style

Answer 11

Answer: A

Question 12

In questionnaire design, what is the final step before launching a full survey?
A) Question sequence
B) Wording
C) Pretesting
D) Planning

Answer 12

Answer: C

Question 13

(Scenario) A survey asks participants to indicate how strongly they agree that “The endorser is trustworthy,” on a 5-point scale.
What type of scale is being used?
A) Rank order scale
B) Likert scale
C) Semantic differential
D) Constant sum

Answer 13

Answer: B

Question 14

(Scenario) A participant rates “Honesty” vs “Dishonesty” on a scale from 1 to 7. What type of scale is this?
A) Semantic differential scale
B) Likert scale
C) Graphic rating scale
D) Rank order scale

Answer 14

Answer: A

Question 15

You ask respondents to rank 5 car features from most to least important. What scale is this?
A) Constant sum
B) Semantic differential
C) Rank order
D) Likert

Answer 15

Answer: C

Question 16

You ask participants to distribute 100 points across brands based on preference. What scale is used?
A) Constant sum scale
B) Ordinal
C) Likert
D) Semantic

Answer 16

Answer: A

Question 17

What is the process of obtaining information from a subset of a larger group?
A) Questionnaire design
B) Measurement
C) Sampling
D) Estimation

Answer 17

Answer: C

Question 18

The list of all elements from which a sample may be drawn is called the:
A) Sampling frame
B) Population of interest
C) Sample statistic
D) Sampling ratio

Answer 18

Answer: A

Question 19

(Scenario) Coca-Cola wants to know the job satisfaction of current employees. What is the population of interest?
A) Job applicants
B) Former employees
C) Current employees
D) Management only

Answer 19

Answer: C

Question 20

Which sampling type ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen?
A) Simple random sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Judgment sampling

Answer 20

Answer: A

Question 21

(Scenario) A researcher selects every 10th customer who enters a store. What type of sampling is this?
A) Cluster
B) Systematic
C) Stratified
D) Convenience

Answer 21

Answer: B

Question 22

In which sampling technique are participants divided into subgroups, and samples are taken from each group proportionally?
A) Stratified sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Judgment sampling

Answer 22

Answer: A

Question 23

(Scenario) A study samples university faculties and then specific departments within each faculty. What method is this?
A) Stratified sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Multistage area sampling
D) Quota sampling

Answer 23

Answer: C

Question 24

Which sampling method involves selecting participants who are easiest to reach?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Simple random
C) Stratified
D) Systematic

Answer 24

Answer: A

Question 25

(Scenario) A restaurant manager surveys only business students passing by the JMSB building. What is the problem here? A) Overrepresentation of variance B) Poor generalizability C) Multicollinearity D) Randomization bias

Answer 25

Answer: B

Question 26

A researcher handpicks participants based on their knowledge of the topic. What sampling type is this? A) Judgment sampling B) Quota sampling C) Stratified D) Cluster

Answer 26

Answer: A

Question 27

In which nonprobability method does the researcher ensure that certain subgroups are included in fixed proportions? A) Judgment sampling B) Quota sampling C) Snowball sampling D) Systematic

Answer 27

Answer: B

Question 28

What’s the main difference between stratified and quota sampling? A) Stratified uses clusters, quota does not B) Stratified uses random selection, quota does not C) Quota uses randomization, stratified does not D) Both are identical

Answer 28

Answer: B

Question 29

Which method asks participants to recruit additional respondents for the study? A) Snowball sampling B) Quota sampling C) Judgment sampling D) Stratified sampling

Answer 29

Answer: A

Question 30

(Scenario) A researcher posts a survey link online and allows anyone to respond. What sampling method is this? A) Stratified B) Cluster C) Internet sampling D) Systematic

Answer 30

Answer: C

Question 31

What is a key disadvantage of internet sampling? A) High cost B) Long collection time C) Underrepresentation of older or low-income individuals D) No need for questionnaire software

Answer 31

Answer: C

Question 32

Which of the following is a main advantage of online sampling? A) It allows respondents to complete surveys at their convenience B) It’s time-consuming C) It limits reach D) It increases sampling error

Answer 32

Answer: A

Question 33

A website asks visitors, “Could you please complete our survey?” This is an example of: A) Random sampling B) Convenience sampling C) Stratified sampling D) Systematic sampling

Answer 33

Answer: B

Question 34

An opt-in online panel where participants choose to join is considered what type of sampling? A) Nonprobability sampling B) Simple random sampling C) Cluster sampling D) Systematic sampling

Answer 34

Answer: A

Question 35

(Scenario) A researcher recruits survey participants from a company’s email subscriber list. What sampling frame is used? A) Random digit dialing B) Opt-in list C) Cluster sample D) Quota group

Answer 35

Answer: B

Question 36

The main purpose of sample size calculation is to: A) Reduce survey cost B) Minimize chances of statistical error C) Increase interviewer bias D) Avoid nonresponse

Answer 36

Answer: B

Question 37

A researcher sets sample size based on available budget rather than statistical needs. What method is this? A) Backward determination B) Random estimation C) Cross-sectional planning D) Pilot sampling

Answer 37

Answer: A

Question 38

What is the minimum number of participants per subgroup when analyzing subgroups? A) 10 B) 50 C) 25 D) 200

Answer 38

Answer: C

Question 39

Ideally, how many participants should be in each subgroup for traditional statistical analysis? A) 100 B) 25 C) 40 D) 200

Answer 39

Answer: A

Question 40

Research interested in estimating means would likely study: A) The percentage of customers who know a brand B) The average number of sweaters bought per year C) The proportion of ad viewers who recall a slogan D) The ratio of males to females in a sample

Answer 40

Answer: B

Question 41

When a researcher studies the proportion of people aware of an ad, the focus is on estimating: A) Proportions B) Means C) Variance D) Ratios

Answer 41

Answer: A

Question 42

To estimate means, a researcher needs which three pieces of information? A) Variance, range, mean B) Median, mode, deviation C) Level of confidence, sampling error, and standard deviation D) Sampling frame, error, bias

Answer 42

Answer: C

Question 43

A cross-sectional survey collects data: A) At one single point in time B) Repeatedly over time C) Continuously with multiple samples D) From a rotating panel

Answer 43

Answer: A

Question 44

Longitudinal surveys are used to understand: A) A single moment’s snapshot B) Trends and changes over time C) Brand recall within one week D) Interviewer bias

Answer 44

Answer: B

Question 45

(Scenario) To measure changes in recycling habits over five years, which type of survey should be used? A) Longitudinal B) Cross-sectional C) Intercept D) Telephone

Answer 45

Answer: A

Question 46

Which of the following is not a survey with an interviewer? A) Door-to-door interview B) Telephone interview C) Mail survey D) Executive interview

Answer 46

Answer: C

Question 47

A company stops shoppers in a mall and asks them questions about a new soda. What is this called? A) Intercept interview B) Executive interview C) Systematic sample D) Door-to-door

Answer 47

Answer: A

Question 48

What is a main advantage of telephone interviews? A) Allows tactile product testing B) Better geographic sampling C) Visual stimuli can be shown D) High anonymity

Answer 48

Answer: B

Question 49

What is a limitation of telephone interviews? A) Cannot show visual materials B) No interviewer presence C) High response bias D) Requires large incentives

Answer 49

Answer: A

Question 50

A self-administered survey minimizes which type of bias? A) Processing bias B) Sampling error C) Interviewer bias D) Nonresponse

Answer 50

Answer: C

Question 51

A main disadvantage of self-administered surveys is: A) Difficulty explaining complex tasks B) High interviewer influence C) Large cost D) Low anonymity

Answer 51

Answer: A

Question 52

Which survey method is generally least expensive? A) Face-to-face B) Online survey C) Mail survey D) Telephone

Answer 52

Answer: B

Question 53

Which is not an advantage of online surveys? A) Representative sampling guaranteed B) Low cost C) Convenient for respondents D) Flexible questioning

Answer 53

Answer: A

Question 54

Which survey method suffers most from high nonresponse rates? A) Online B) Phone C) Intercept D) Mail survey

Answer 54

Answer: D

Question 55

Which technique can increase mail survey return rates? A) Providing a self-addressed stamped return envelope B) Removing incentives C) Sending anonymous forms only D) Avoiding follow-ups

Answer 55

Answer: A

Question 56

(Scenario) A company sends multiple reminder postcards and offers entry in a prize draw for completing a survey. What are they trying to increase? A) Sampling precision B) Response rate C) Sample error D) Data variance

Answer 56

Answer: B

Question 57

Which survey type is best for complex questionnaires requiring explanations? A) Face-to-face interviews B) Mail surveys C) Online questionnaires D) Telephone

Answer 57

Answer: A

Question 58

(Scenario) A researcher with a limited budget wants fast data collection with moderate sampling precision. Which method is best? A) Face-to-face B) Mail C) Online survey D) Executive interview

Answer 58

Answer: C

Question 59

Random sampling error occurs even when: A) Population is undefined B) Sampling procedure is flawed C) All procedures are done correctly D) Data entry errors occur

Answer 59

Answer: C

Question 60

Systematic error can be prevented by: A) Improving research design B) Increasing random error C) Decreasing response bias D) Expanding sample size

Answer 60

Answer: A

Question 61

Which is a type of sample design error? A) Response bias B) Nonresponse error C) Population specification error D) Processing error

Answer 61

Answer: C

Question 62

Failing to include all restaurants in a city when creating a sample list is what type of error? A) Selection error B) Sampling frame error C) Surrogate error D) Measurement error

Answer 62

Answer: B

Question 63

(Scenario) An interviewer avoids “sketchy” apartments when doing door-to-door surveys. This causes what kind of error? A) Selection error B) Processing error C) Nonresponse bias D) Population error

Answer 63

Answer: A

Question 64

If survey respondents misrepresent answers to appear intelligent, this is an example of: A) Nonresponse bias B) Deliberate falsification C) Interviewer bias D) Sampling error

Answer 64

Answer: B

Question 65

Which type of measurement error occurs when participants misunderstand a question? A) Unconscious misinterpretation B) Deliberate falsification C) Sampling error D) Processing error

Answer 65

Answer: A

Question 66

Measuring willingness to pay instead of actual purchase behavior causes which error? A) Frame error B) Surrogate information error C) Instrument bias D) Random error

Answer 66

Answer: B

Question 67

When the wording of a question causes biased answers, it is called: A) Measurement instrument bias B) Selection error C) Processing error D) Sampling bias

Answer 67

Answer: A

Question 68

(Scenario) An interviewer’s tone influences how respondents answer. What kind of error is this? A) Nonresponse B) Interviewer error C) Surrogate error D) Random error

Answer 68

Answer: B

Question 69

Data entry mistakes during survey processing cause: A) Processing error B) Sampling frame error C) Selection error D) Interviewer bias

Answer 69

Answer: A

Question 70

A survey that uses structured questions and large samples is an example of: A) Qualitative research B) Observational research C) Quantitative research D) Projective technique

Answer 70

Answer: C

Question 71

Focus groups and in-depth interviews are examples of: A) Qualitative data collection B) Quantitative data collection C) Cross-sectional research D) Pilot testing

Answer 71

Answer: A

Question 72

Using both qualitative and quantitative methods in a study is known as: A) Pluralistic research B) Triangular study C) Randomized analysis D) Systematic survey

Answer 72

Answer: A

Question 73

Data collected for another purpose but used for the current study is called: A) Primary data B) Secondary data C) Exploratory data D) Observational data

Answer 73

Answer: B

Question 74

Before collecting new data, researchers should first: A) Review secondary data B) Conduct interviews C) Perform pilot tests D) Send online surveys

Answer 74

Answer: A

Question 75

A pilot study uses sampling but does not apply rigorous standards. Which of the following fits this description? A) Mail panel B) Cluster survey C) Focus group D) Quota sample

Answer 75

Answer: C

Question 76

Projective techniques are most useful when: A) Respondents cannot or will not answer truthfully B) Respondents are fully aware C) The topic is factual D) Data is numeric

Answer 76

Answer: A

Question 77

In a word association test, what is most important? A) Length of words used B) Response time and first word given C) Number of similar answers D) Emotional tone of interviewer

Answer 77

Answer: B

Question 78

(Scenario) A respondent says “Tesla is a young, tech-savvy person” in an analogy exercise. What technique is this? A) Analogy method B) Sentence completion C) Cartoon test D) Thematic apperception

Answer 78

Answer: A

Question 79

In a cartoon test, respondents are asked to: A) Fill in dialogue or thoughts of characters in a scene B) Rank favorite ads C) Complete missing sentences D) Identify misleading questions

Answer 79

Answer: A

Question 80

Which projective technique asks respondents to finish incomplete phrases like “People who drink beer are…”? A) Cartoon test B) Sentence completion C) Word association D) Third-person

Answer 80

Answer: B

Question 81

(Scenario) Asking “Why did your neighbor buy a Lexus?” instead of “Why did you buy a Lexus?” is an example of: A) Third-person technique B) Analogy method C) Sentence completion D) Cartoon test

Answer 81

Answer: A

Question 82

Showing a picture and asking participants to tell a story about what is happening is known as: A) Cartoon test B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) C) Analogy technique D) Depth interview

Answer 82

Answer: B