Forensic Medicine > Mechanical Injuries > Flashcards

Mechanical Injuries Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What are the types of blunt force injuries?

A
  1. Abrasion
  2. Contusion
  3. Laceration
  4. Fracture
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2
Q

Types of abrasion

A
  1. Scratch - nail, pin, thorn
  2. Graze - multiple llel lines
  3. Patterned
  4. Pressure - hanging, teeth bite
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3
Q

Other names for graze

A

Brush burn or Gravel rash

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4
Q

Types of contusion

A
  1. Ectopic - away from real site
  2. Patterned
  3. Six penny
    - Neck -> Manual strangulation
    - Wrist -> Child abuse
  4. Butterfly -> Child abuse
  5. Railway/Tram line -> Rod
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5
Q

How are abrasions distributed in throttling?

A

Cresenteric finger nail abrasions over neck

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6
Q

Abrasion distribution in sexual assault

A

Breasts, genitals, thigh

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7
Q

Abrasion distribution in mouth and nose

A

Smothering

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8
Q

Alternate names and causes of racoon sign

A

Panda, Black eye/specs sign

D/t #Anterior cranial fossa

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9
Q

Cause of Battle sign

A

Middle cranial fossa or

#Base of skull

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10
Q

Types of laceration

A
  1. Split
  2. Stretch
  3. Tear
  4. Avulsion
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11
Q

Types of avulsion injuries

A
  1. FLAYING - Only skin
  2. DEGLOVING - Skin + SC
  3. SCALPING - Skin + SC of scalp
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12
Q

What are chop/slash wounds?

A

Injuries caused by violent blow with heavy, sharp object
- Sword, chopper, meat cleaver

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13
Q

Only entry wound

A

Penetrating wound

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14
Q

Entry + exit wound

A

Perforating wound
Entry - big
Exit - small
(Except in Gunshot wound, it’s the opposite)

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15
Q

Shape of single edged weapon

A

Triangular or wedge shaped (one angle sharp, one blunt)

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16
Q

Shape of double edged wound

A

Elliptical or slit like (Both edges are sharp)

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17
Q

Location of active defence wound *IBQ

A

Palm

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18
Q

Location of passive defence

A

Back of hand

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19
Q

Types of skull fractures

A
  1. Fissure #
  2. Depressed #
  3. Comminuted #
  4. Pond #
  5. Distatic/sutural #
  6. Gutter #
  7. Perforating #
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

What are the types of skull base #?

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A
  1. Ring/Transverse #
  2. Hinge/ Motorcyclist #
    - Nodding face sign
22
Q

What injuries are seen in occupants of a vehicle?

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A

Face - Dicing injury, sparrow foot marks
Spine - Whiplash injury
Leg injury
- Driver ~ abrasion, contusion and laceration over foot, # ankle
- Front passenger ~ Dashboard # (femur), posterior dislocation of hip

23
Q

What is damaged in seat belt injuries?

24
Q

What organs are damaged in dashboard # ?

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A

Spleen, liver

25
Cold injuries
1. Frost bite 2. Trench foot
26
Types of thermal injuries
1. Scald - hot fluid 2. Thermal - hot metal 3. Chemical 4. Lightening AKA Filigree burn or Arborescent burn - Lichtenberg flower like pattern *
27
What is the cause of death in electric burns?
Ventricular fibrillation
28
What causes Joule burns?
Firm contact with low voltage current
29
Loose contact with air gap results in
Spark/splash burns
30
Loose contact with high voltage current result in
Crocodile burns
31
What are bone pearls
Melting of bone minerals due to electric burn
32
Specific signs of ante mortem burns
- Soot in respiratory tract - Carboxy hemoglobin in blood - Albumin + chloride in vesicles - Curling ulcer
33
Non specific signs of anterior mortem + post mortem burns
1. Pugilistic attitude 2. Heat Hematoma 3. Heat rupture 4. Heat #
34
Primary blast injury
Blast wave
35
Secondary blast injury
Flying projectiles
36
Tertiary blast injury
Victim displacement
37
Quaternary blast injury
Structural collapse/fire
38
Quinary blast injury
Hyperinflammatory state
39
What type of blast injury can cause skeletal # ?
Tertiary - Victim displacement
40
What is the triad associated with secondary blast injury?
Marshal's triad **A** brasions **C** ontusions **L** aceration
41
Order of organ injury in primary blast injury; in air
- Tympanic membrane -> Lungs -> GIT
42
Order of
43
Order of organ injury in primary blast injury; under water w/ head above water
GIT -> Lungs -> Ear
44
Order of organ injury in primary blast injury; under water
Ear -> GIT -> Lungs
45
What is Falanga/Bastinado method of torture?
Beating of soles of feet
46
What is Telephono method of torture?
Beating of ears
47
What are wet and dry submarine methods of torture?
Wet - Head pushed into bag with urine or fecal batter Dry - Only bag over head
48
What is incaprettamento method of torture?
Wrist and ankle tied, then rope used to ligate neck
49
What is cattle prod method of torture?
Electric shock over genitals
50
What is black slave method of torture?
Hot rod inserted into anal canal of slaves
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