Memory 1 Flashcards

Question

provoke

Answer 1

the decision provoked a storm of protest from civil rights organizations

Answer 2

Police can invoke the law to regulate access to these places. the antiquated defense of insanity is rarely invoked today

Answer 3

the sight evoked pleasant memories of his childhood

Answer 4

irrigate aggravate aggregate aggressive

Answer 5

irrigate aggravate aggregate aggressive

Answer 6

If you ignore the problem, it will deteriorate over time, but taking the wrong action could aggravate it further.

Answer 7

Scientists in favor of it argue that animal testing shows whether medicines are safe or dangerous for humans, and has saved many lives Scientists who support animal testing argue that it helps determine the safety of medicines for humans and has saved many lives.

Answer 8

the provision of education and welfare services provision for people with disabilities He made provisions for his wife and his children in his will. تدارکات

Answer 9

the provision of education and welfare services Our only concern is the children’s welfare. social welfare department

Answer 10

She doesn’t want anyone to interfere in her personal life. The government was accused of interfering in the country’s election process. دخالت کردم

Answer 11

The loud music interferes with my ability to concentrate. He doesn’t want anyone to interfere with his plans. مختل کردن

Answer 12

The government should be accountable to all the people of the country. Managers must be accountable for their decisions.

Answer 13

Efforts to expand the tourist industry could be negated by reports that the sea is highly polluted.

Answer 14

there should be confirmation—or negation—of the findings

Answer 15

Recent inflation could nullify the economic growth of the last several years.

Answer 16

If deforestation continues at this rate, it could annihilate entire ecosystems.

Answer 17

If deforestation continues at this rate, it could annihilate entire ecosystems. Just one of these bombs could annihilate a city the size of New York.

Answer 18

The development of artificial intelligence has led to groundbreaking changes in various industries.

Answer 19

Inclusion criteria for the position included a minimum of five years of experience in project management, proficiency in Microsoft Office, and a bachelor's degree in a relevant field. The inclusion criteria for the clinical trial required participants to be between the ages of 18 and 65, have a BMI under 30, and no history of cardiovascular disease.

Answer 20

She’s dictating a letter to her secretary right now. The media cannot be allowed to dictate to the government. Funds dictate what we can do.

Answer 21

I resented having to work such long hours. She bitterly resented his mother’s influence over him.

Answer 22

an idea that resonates with many voters The music resonated through the streets.

Answer 23

Far be it from me to disobey an order When it comes to following rules, I believe it's crucial to respect authority. Far be it from me to disobey an order, as I think structure and discipline are important in any society. While some people argue for complete autonomy, I believe that in certain situations, following instructions is essential for safety and order. Far be it from me to disobey an order, especially in contexts where lives could be at stake.

Answer 24

Why don’t you start out early so that you don’t have to hurry? In conclusion, I recommend that people celebrate occasions with less noise so that others can go about their routine work.

Answer 25

Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs. The main opposition leader was expelled from her party.

Answer 26

the expulsion of the protesters his expulsion from the Soviet Union in 1964

Answer 27

exploit & explode & expel & exploitation & explosion & expulsion

Answer 28

eliminate root out destroy eradicate We can eradicate this disease from the world. an attempt to eradicate inflation

Answer 29

the advent of something the advent of the computer Today, photos play a crucial role in our lives, especially with the advent of smartphones.

Answer 30

the emergence of Japan as a world leader

Answer 31

Their planning and preparation were meticulous.

Answer 32

it turned out to be one of the most memorable experiences I've ever had Normally, I meticulously plan my holidays, but this one was completely unplanned, and yet it turned out to be one of the most memorable experiences I've ever had it ended up being a great experience.

Answer 33

The right to speak freely is written into the Constitution of the United States.

Answer 34

Citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. Diplomats enjoy privileges and immunities, such as exemption from taxes and protection from arrest while serving abroad.

Answer 35

The interest is exempt from income tax. Charities are exempted from paying the tax.

Answer 36

You qualify for a tax exemption on the loan. Governments can grant tax exemptions to low-income people.

Answer 37

Lefkas has an abundance of lush green vegetation.

Answer 38

land that is always very wet or covered with a layer of water

Answer 39

From her son’s age, I deduced that her husband must be at least 60.

Answer 40

From the evidence, we can infer that the victim knew her killer.

Answer 41

noxious fumes

Answer 42

She’s really obnoxious. an obnoxious idea obnoxious odors

Answer 43

Mr. Kobayashi was chosen to represent the company at the conference.

Answer 44

Minority groups need more effective parliamentary representation.

Answer 45

a union representative these courses are representative of those taken by most Harvard undergraduates

Answer 46

Foreign observers were present at the elections. ___ She was presented with an award. ___ We’ll present the information using a chart. ___ Our manager is due to present the report at the end of the month. ___ I’m looking for a present for Mark.

Answer 47

the safe disposal of radioactive waste bomb disposal experts

Answer 48

Tanner had a lot of cash at his disposal. somebody is at your (complete) disposal (=someone is ready to help you in any way)

Answer 49

substitute goalkeeper ___ a sugar substitute ___ The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream.

Answer 50

Coach Ross made two substitutions in the second half. ___ substitution of something for something the substitution of English for French as the world’s common language

Answer 51

survive survival survivor

Answer 52

Congress voted overwhelmingly in favor of the bill. The response was overwhelmingly positive.

Answer 53

She lost the election by a mere 20 votes. ___ The merest little noise makes him nervous.

Answer 54

SYN only He’s merely a boy – you can’t expect him to understand. --- SYN just We’re merely good friends. He merely shrugged and walked away.

Answer 55

Objectively speaking, the film had excellent cinematography, even though the plot was not to my taste. The judge evaluated the arguments objectively, without letting personal biases influence the decision. Scientists aim to measure data objectively, relying on empirical evidence rather than personal beliefs. The manager made an effort to assess each employee's performance objectively, based on measurable outcomes rather than personal relationships. While I personally prefer modern art, I can objectively see the skill and craftsmanship in classical paintings. After receiving feedback, she tried to look at her work objectively to identify areas for improvement.

Answer 56

political/gender/racial etc bias political bias in the press Students were evaluated without bias. bias against/towards/in favour of It’s clear that the company has a bias against women and minorities. --- Several factors could have biased the results of the study.

Answer 57

assertive assertively assertiveness

Answer 58

He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.

Answer 59

Up to twenty users can have simultaneous access to the system.

Answer 60

The opera will be broadcast simultaneously on television and radio.

Answer 61

It’s also quite fun to reminisce about past deeds. a group of former students reminiscing about their college days

Answer 62

Older people are more susceptible to infections. Soil on the mountain slopes is very susceptible to erosion.

Answer 63

the problem of soil erosion the erosion of the coastline

Answer 64

Salary will be commensurate with age and experience.

Answer 65

Inability disability incapacitated incapacitate

Answer 66

the economic consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster The 1987 hurricane was the worst natural disaster to hit England for decades. --- Because of the weather, the parade was a total disaster.

Answer 67

SYN disaster environmental/nuclear/economic etc catastrophe The Black Sea is facing ecological catastrophe as a result of pollution. prevent/avert a catastrophe Sudan requires food immediately to avert a humanitarian catastrophe. --- If the contract is cancelled, it’ll be a catastrophe for everyone concerned.

Answer 68

SYN prevent The tragedy could have been averted if the crew had followed safety procedures.

Answer 69

‘I’m going to Appleby tomorrow.’ ‘What a coincidence! I’m going there too.’ I think it is more than coincidence that all the complaints have come from the same group of people. It was sheer coincidence that we were staying in the same hotel.

Answer 70

coincide with His entry to the party coincided with his marriage. When our vacations coincided, we often holidayed together. planned/timed/arranged to coincide The show is timed to coincide with the launch of a new book. --- The interests of the US and those of the islanders may not coincide. coincide with The cloth had a natural look which coincided perfectly with the image Laura sought. --- The journey coincides in part with the Pennine Way.

Answer 71

purely/completely/entirely coincidental Any similarity between this film and real events is purely coincidental.

Answer 72

strike up a friendship/relationship/conversation etc to start to become friendly with someone, to start talking to them, etc I struck up a conversation with the girl sitting next to me. Upon my arrival, I was introduced to Ehsan, and we immediately struck up a conversation.

Answer 73

As our conversation progressed, it became clear that we shared many similar views and interests.

Answer 74

/ˈnjuːɑːns $ ˈnuː-/ He was aware of every nuance in her voice. nuance of the painting’s delicate nuances of color, tone, and texture subtle nuances of meaning

Answer 75

(comparative subtler or more subtle, superlative subtlest) The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them. subtle taste/flavour/smell etc The flavour of the dried berries is more subtle. The dish had a subtle hint of ginger. --- I think we need a more subtle approach.

Answer 76

The play lacks subtlety. She argued her case with considerable subtlety.

Answer 77

Children are often very resilient. The company proved remarkably resilient during the recession ___ boots with tough resilient soles Any chemical treatment will leave hair less resilient than before.

Answer 78

(also resiliency /-ənsi/) the resilience of youth People showed remarkable resilience during the war.

Answer 79

resilience in the face of adversity

Answer 80

resilience and perseverance

Answer 81

What I admire most about Ehsan is his determination and perseverance.

Answer 82

I’ll pay off all my debts first. ___ Teamwork paid off. His hard work and commitment paid off ** Her persistence paid off when she was offered the job of manager.**

Answer 83

which is why his Persian was so good

Answer 84

The government was determined to proceed with the election. Before proceeding further, we must define our terms. --- Work is proceeding according to plan. --- → proceed to do something Sammy took off his coat and proceeded to undo his boots.

Answer 85

to happen or exist as a result of something ideas that proceed from a disturbed state of mind

Answer 86

if you proceed to the next part of an activity, job etc, you do or take part in the next part of it SYN go on to players who proceed to the finals of the competition

Answer 87

SYN previous ~following

Answer 88

Knowingly or unknowingly many things bring a change in our life.

Answer 89

Some countries lack a suitable economic infrastructure. a $65 billion investment package in education, health care and infrastructure

Answer 90

SYN free There was a complimentary bottle of champagne in the hotel room. I’ve got some complimentary tickets for the theatre tonight.

Answer 91

striking contrast/similarity/parallel etc a striking contrast between wealth and poverty

Answer 92

SYN constant The child’s incessant talking started to irritate her. The incessant roar of vehicles makes the city center an extremely noisy place.

Answer 93

They quarreled incessantly.

Answer 94

congested airspace London’s roads are heavily congested (=very congested).

Answer 95

councilor are looking at ways to reduce traffic congestion in the town center.

Answer 96

Polluted water sources are a hazard to wildlife. It's a serious health hazard.

Answer 97

SYN subtract The payments will be deducted from your salary.

Answer 98

the municipality of Berkeley

Answer 99

the election of the London mayor

Answer 100

latest last

Answer 101

SYN expedite measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth

Answer 102

strategies to expedite the decision-making process

Answer 103

instill confidence/fear/discipline etc. into somebody A manager’s job is to instill determination into his players

Answer 104

The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected. It turns out that she had known him when they were children.

Answer 105

The essence of his argument was that education should continue throughout life. Yet change is the very essence of life. The essence of Arsenal’s style of football was speed. ___ vanilla essence ___ → in essence In essence his message was very simple.

Answer 106

He expressed his sorrow at my father’s death. a time of great sorrow

Answer 107

in some ways, though not exactly ‘Are you his girlfriend?’ Nicola asked. ‘In a manner of speaking.’ He is a genius, in a manner of speaking Well, in a manner of speaking, you could say that technology has taken over our lives The global economy is, in a manner of speaking, a delicate ecosystem where every part plays a significant role. به تعبیری، به لحاظی، یه جورایی

Answer 108

Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution. The newspaper was asked by federal agents for assistance and agreed to comply.

Answer 109

For years I had tried to be a compliant and dutiful wife.

Answer 110

in compliance with something He changed his name to Lee in 1815 in compliance with his uncle’s will. compliance with Patients should have a history of good compliance with treatment. ensure/secure/enforce compliance The staff involved should be monitored to ensure compliance with the policy.

Answer 111

The furniture in this store is of high quality, but it's quite expensive. The hotel we stayed at was of high quality, with excellent service and clean rooms. The education provided at that university is of high quality, with well-experienced professors.

Answer 112

Of poor quality Low quality Inferior quality

Answer 113

The scientist makes the case for renewable energy by showing its environmental benefits. The lawyer made the case for her client’s innocence in court. The article makes the case for increasing salaries for teachers. Let me make a case for why we should invest in renewable energy. ارائه کردن استدلال، شواهد یا دلایلی برای حمایت از یک پیشنهاد یا دیدگاه خاص.

Answer 114

He argues in favor of stricter gun control laws to reduce crime. Many economists argue in favor of higher minimum wages to support workers. The professor argued in favor of banning plastic to protect the environment.

Answer 115

The speaker presented reasons to support the need for better healthcare policies. The scientist presents reasons to support the theory of climate change. She presents reasons to support her belief that technology improves education.

Answer 116

The activist puts the case for gender equality in the workplace. The lawyer put the case for his client’s early release from prison. The company’s CEO put the case for expanding into international markets. دلیل ارائه دادن

Answer 117

Extremists were openly advocating violence. ___ She’s a passionate advocate of natural childbirth.

Answer 118

investigate investigation investigative

Answer 119

investment investor invest

Answer 120

SYN inform "I decided to write a review to notify other students about the course." "I decided to write a review to inform other students about the course." "I decided to write a review to help other students notice this course.

Answer 121

"I decided to write a review to help other students notice this course." He noticed a woman in a black dress sitting across from him. I didn’t notice any smoke. Have you noticed any change in him? --- I waved but they took no notice.

Answer 122

SNY atmosphere pleasant/relaxing/friendly etc ambience restaurant’s new owners have created a welcoming ambience.

Answer 123

"The noise disturbs my concentration." (correct and clear)

Answer 124

"The noise disrupts my concentration." (stronger and slightly more formal)

Answer 125

I work as a freelancer I'm working freelance. I work on a freelance basis I do freelance work.

Answer 126

He had influential friends. a highly influential art magazine Dewey was influential in shaping economic policy.

Answer 127

As a scientist, his influence was immense. influence on/over the unions’ influence over local politics

Answer 128

My parents’ divorce had a big effect on me.

Answer 129

the areas affected by the hurricane a disease that affects the central nervous system

Answer 130

effectiveness ≠ ineffectiveness

Answer 131

OPP ineffective Training is often much less effective than expected. the most effective ways of reducing inner city congestion

Answer 132

effectively ≠ ineffectively

Answer 133

OPP inefficient a very efficient secretary an efficient use of land Lighting is now more energy efficient.

Answer 134

OPP inefficiency the efficiency of the train service considerable advancements in energy efficiency

Answer 135

Well, I believe there are many areas in my country where legislation should be introduced. However, the most important one that comes to mind is a new law to combat air pollution.

Answer 136

I love visiting Paris because of its beautiful architecture. What's more, the food there is absolutely amazing. I love visiting Paris because of its beautiful architecture. What's more, the food there is absolutely amazing. This restaurant serves the best sushi in town. What's more, the service is always excellent. My job allows me to work flexible hours. What's more, the office environment is very supportive.

Answer 137

As a critic, he is far too subjective. a highly subjective point of view subjective judgment/opinion etc The ratings were based on the subjective judgement of one person. --- our subjective perception of colours

Answer 138

He vowed to achieve certain objectives before the end of his presidency. ___ It’s hard to give an objective opinion about your own children. Scientists need to be objective when doing research. purely/totally/completely objective the importance of a completely objective, independent press

Answer 139

I wish my son would show more initiative. Don’t keep asking me for advice. Use your initiative.

Answer 140

SYN first an initial investment of £5,000 initial stage/phase/period the initial stages of the disease The initial response has been encouraging.

Answer 141

They have decided to initiate legal proceedings against the newspaper.

Answer 142

The club has an initiation ceremony for new members.

Answer 143

racial/sexual/cultural etc stereotype racist stereotypes in the media Some of the stereotypes around siblings, that the elder sister is bossy, the middle sister is a peacemaker, and the little sister is spoiled

Answer 144

Britain could grant Spain’s request. I would love to be able to grant her wish. grant somebody something The council have granted him permission to build on the site. grant something to somebody A licence to sell alcohol was granted to the club.

Answer 145

SYN ancestor SYN ethnicity

Answer 146

a confidential government report

Answer 147

confidence in Public confidence in the government is at an all-time low. She had complete confidence in the doctors. Opinion polls show that voters have lost confidence in the administration.

Answer 148

confident (that) We are confident next year’s profits will be higher. He is quietly confident that there will be no problems this time. confident of The Prime Minister appeared relaxed and confident of winning an overall majority. The company is confident of success. confident about I feel quite confident about the future.

Answer 149

to tell someone you trust about personal things that you do not want other people to know confide to somebody that He confided to his friends that he didn’t have much hope for his marriage.

Answer 150

The benefits of the scheme outweigh the disadvantages.

Answer 151

Sally was 50 pounds overweight. He is slightly overweight.

Answer 152

OPP overweight Women who smoke risk giving birth to underweight babies.

Answer 153

I finally managed to persuade her to go out for a drink with me.

Answer 154

a persuasive argument against capital punishment

Answer 155

After a little gentle persuasion, Debbie agreed to let us in.

Answer 156

Salary increases are one of the most common financial incentives that encourage and support employees in their career advancement.

Answer 157

incentive motivation

Answer 158

It had rained for four consecutive days. Can they win the title for the third consecutive season?

Answer 159

OPP consecutive

Answer 160

disastrous effects/consequences/results Climate change could have disastrous effects on Earth. The move proved disastrous (=was disastrous) for the company

Answer 161

catastrophic floods Catastrophic natural disasters, catastrophic system failure.

Answer 162

pose a threat/danger/risk Officials claim the chemical poses no real threat. pose something to/for somebody/something The events pose a challenge to the church’s leadership. Rising unemployment is posing serious problems for the administration. the sheer number of visitors is posing a threat to the area

Answer 163

Compromise is an inevitable part of marriage.

Answer 164

Safe driving practices may be compromised due to the presence of technology in cars that is not directly related to vehicle operation including cell phones, music players, and GPS.

Answer 165

Homeworkers can easily be exploited by employers. The new TV companies are fully exploiting the potential of satellite transmission.

Answer 166

henceforward the company announced that it would henceforth charge royalties multiple sclerosis (henceforth referred to as MS) henceforth i am unable to can henceforth and forevermore

Answer 167

self-evident truths it is self-evident (that) It is self-evident that childhood experiences influence our adult behavior بدیهی

Answer 168

OPP theoretical, hypothetical they provided considerable empirical evidence to support their argument

Answer 169

theoretical physics Aristotle’s theoretical model of the universe She has theoretical knowledge of teaching, but no practical experience.

Answer 170

hypothetical situation/example/question Brennan brought up a hypothetical case to make his point. The question is purely hypothetical.

Answer 171

SYN theory One hypothesis is that the victim fell asleep while driving. prove/test/support etc a hypothesis We hope that further research will confirm our hypothesis. hypothesis about The authors reject the hypothesis about unemployment contributing to crime.

Answer 172

hypothesize that Scientists hypothesize that the dinosaurs were killed by a giant meteor.

Answer 173

Candidates should have training and practical experience in basic electronics.

Answer 174

Epilepsy → ✅ "I have epilepsy." (Correct and natural) ❌ "I am epilepsy." (Incorrect) ✅ "I was diagnosed with epilepsy." (More formal) صرع

Answer 175

Plague → ❌ "I have plague." (Incorrect) ✅ "I have the plague." (If referring to a specific outbreak, but rare in modern speech) ✅ "I was infected with the plague." (More accurate) طاعون

Answer 176

Allergy → ✅ "I have an allergy." (General) ✅ "I have allergies." (If multiple) ✅ "I am allergic to peanuts." (More natural for specifics)

Answer 177

High Cholesterol → ✅ "I have high cholesterol." (Correct and natural) ✅ "I was diagnosed with high cholesterol." (More formal) کلسترول بالا

Answer 178

Hypertension → ✅ "I have hypertension." (Correct and natural) ✅ "I have high blood pressure." (More common in casual speech) ❌ "I am hypertension." (Incorrect) فشار خون بالا

Answer 179

Sore Throat → ✅ "I have a sore throat." (Correct) ✅ "My throat hurts." (More natural in everyday speech) گلو درد

Answer 180

Heatstroke → ❌ "I have heatstroke." (Uncommon) ✅ "I had heatstroke." (More natural because heatstroke is a sudden condition) ✅ "I am suffering from heatstroke." (More formal) گرمازدگی

Answer 181

Infection → ✅ "I have an infection." (Correct for general use) ✅ "I have a throat infection/ear infection." (More specific)

Answer 182

Mental Illness → ✅ "I have a mental illness." (Correct but formal) ✅ "I struggle with mental health issues." (More natural) بیماری روانی

Answer 183

Food Poisoning → ✅ "I have food poisoning." (Correct and common) ✅ "I got food poisoning." (More conversational) مسمومیت غذایی

Answer 184

Runny Nose → ✅ "I have a runny nose." (Correct and natural) ✅ "My nose is runny." (More casual) آبریزش بینی

Answer 185

✅ "I have diabetes." (Common and natural) ✅ "I was diagnosed with diabetes." (More specific) ✅ "I suffer from diabetes." (Less common, but okay in certain contexts) دیابت

Answer 186

"I feel nauseous." (Most common) ✅ "I'm feeling nauseous." ✅ "I have a feeling of nausea." (More formal) ✅ "I'm experiencing nausea." (More medical/formal) حالت تهوع

Answer 187

✅ "I am obese." (Most natural and commonly used) ✅ "I have been diagnosed with obesity." (More medical/formal) ✅ "I struggle with obesity." (If discussing challenges related to it) چاقی

Answer 188

✅ "I had a stroke." (Most natural if it happened in the past) ✅ "I have had a stroke." (Present perfect, used when discussing past experience) ✅ "I suffered a stroke." (Common in medical or formal contexts) ✅ "I am recovering from a stroke." (If talking about recovery) سکته

Answer 189

✅ "I have diarrhea." is correct and natural. ✅ "I have a case of diarrhea." (More formal) ✅ "I'm experiencing diarrhea." (More medical/formal) ✅ "I have an upset stomach." (More polite and indirect) اسهال

Answer 190

Extremists were openly advocating violence. ___ advocate of She’s a passionate advocate of natural childbirth. advocate for an advocate for the disabled

Answer 191

political/gay/animal rights etc activist

Answer 192

SYN advocate, → opponent proponent of Steinem has always been a strong proponent of women’s rights. leading/main/major proponent Dr George is one of the leading proponents of this view

Answer 193

unemployment due to the spread of automation

Answer 194

a highly automated factory

Answer 195

The two halves of the document did not correspond. The numbers correspond to points on the map. --- For the next three years they corresponded regularly. She stopped corresponding with him after the death of her mother.

Answer 196

The war and the corresponding fall in trade have had a devastating effect on the country. ___ Sales are up 10% on the corresponding period last year.

Answer 197

A secretary came in twice a week to deal with his correspondence. ___ The magazine is unable to enter into any correspondence on medical matters. ___ There was no correspondence between the historical facts and Johnson’s account of them.

Answer 198

the political correspondent for ‘The Times’ Our correspondent in South Africa sent this report.

Answer 199

As his political power has shrunk, he has grown correspondingly more dependent on the army. به همان نسبت

Answer 200

Job openings were outpacing the supply of qualified workers.

Answer 201

Stocks generally outperform other investments.

Answer 202

"They're being outpaced" = they are falling behind. "They're outpacing" = they are pulling ahead.

Answer 203

Expect variable cloudiness and fog tomorrow. Interest rates can be highly variable. --- There are too many variables in the experiment to predict the result accurately.

Answer 204

This game is a variant of netball. a variant on the typical Hollywood hero

Answer 205

The girls come from a variety of different backgrounds. ___ I really like the variety the store has to offer.

Answer 206

White bread is really just a variation of French bread.

Answer 207

His invariable answer was ‘Wait and see.’

Answer 208

a varied diet The responsibilities of government are many, and they are varied.

Answer 209

The jacket is available in various colors.

Answer 210

It invariably rains when I go there.

Answer 211

His fortune has been variously estimated at between $1 and $2 billion.

Answer 212

با این وجود با اینحال

Answer 213

She was offered employment in the sales office. ___ Mexican law prohibits the employment of children under 14. ___ Many economists consider full employment an unrealistic goal. Nationwide employment now stands at 95%.

Answer 214

A new computer system entails a lot of re-training. Some foreign travel is entailed in the job. entail doing something The journey will entail changing trains twice. I understand that Ms. Watson has applied for the position of Public Relations coordinator, which I imagine entails considerable responsibility.

Answer 215

to make it difficult for something to develop or succeed SYN hamper His career has been hindered by injury. policies that will hinder rather than help families

Answer 216

a very elaborate telecommunications network ___ He said he had new evidence, but refused to elaborate any further. elaborate on McDonald refused to elaborate on his reasons for resigning.

Answer 217

Ministers must appear before Parliament and justify their actions. justify doing something How can we justify spending so much money on arms? justify yourself (=prove that what you are doing is reasonable) I don’t have to justify myself to you or anyone else.

Answer 218

justify justifiable unjustifiable justification justified unjustified justifiably unjustifiably

Answer 219

Parents often give their children rewards for passing exams. ___ The club’s directors rewarded him with a free season ticket. She wanted to reward the cleaners for their efforts.

Answer 220

making you feel happy and satisfied because you feel you are doing something useful or important, even if you do not earn much money → satisfying, worthwhile Teaching can be a very rewarding career.

Answer 221

not achieving what you want to achieve His efforts have not gone unrewarded.

Answer 222

attain attainment attainable ≠ unattainable

Answer 223

a good standard of ability and skill proficiency in/with/at a high level of proficiency in English Nick’s proficiency with computers is well known.

Answer 224

Some students enter other professions such as arts administration.

Answer 225

What professional qualifications does he have? It is essential to get good professional advice.

Answer 226

viable alternative/proposition/option etc. The committee came forward with one viable solution. economically/commercially/financially viable Will a hotel here be financially viable?

Answer 227

The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.

Answer 228

a business which managed to thrive during a recession

Answer 229

cost-effective cost-effectiveness

Answer 230

The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation. The houses encompassed about 100 square meters.

Answer 231

The thief snatched her purse and ran.

Answer 232

I did my best to rectify the situation, but the damage was already done. I would like to have it rectified as soon as possible.

Answer 233

Police found discrepancies in the two men’s reports. There is a large discrepancy between the ideal image of motherhood and the reality.

Answer 234

The school organized a proactive workshop on mental health awareness to prepare students for future stress.

Answer 235

The school also implemented preventive measures like counseling services to reduce the risk of mental health issues.

Answer 236

implication of What are the implications of these proposals? This election has profound implications for the future of U.S. democracy. consider/discuss/examine the implications His talk will examine the wider implications of the Internet revolution. practical/financial/political etc implications

Answer 237

Her voice wavered uncertainly. We were determined not to waver from our goals.

Answer 238

This tragic incident underlines the need for immediate action. Your résumé should highlight your skills and achievements. The report emphasizes the importance of improving safety standards.

Answer 239

The film reinforces the idea that women should be pretty and dumb. Most schools stress the importance of parental involvement in their child’s learning.

Answer 240

The new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.

Answer 241

Parents should encourage their children to read. Public campaigns promote recycling and sustainability.

Answer 242

Car makers are constantly refining their designs. Her dedication to self-improvement is evident in her continuous efforts to refine her soft skills

Answer 243

A team leader was **appointed** to oversee the project. Griffiths closely supervised the research.

Answer 244

portray a book depicting life in pre-revolutionary Russia

Answer 245

Politicians have misled the public about the dangers of these chemicals. two major reasons why people feel unsafe are economic hardship and misleading messages in media content.

Answer 246

The police don’t usually like to intervene in disputes between husbands and wives. government intervention to regulate prices

Answer 247

Thirty-four protesters were arrested for violating criminal law. regimes that violate human rights

Answer 248

There is too much sex and violence on TV these days. violence against violence against women

Answer 249

human rights violations violation of a violation of international law in violation of something Troops crossed the border in violation of the agreement

Answer 250

Thirty-one people have been injured in violent incidents throughout the day. The riots ended in the violent deaths of three teenagers. a non-violent protest against the government

Answer 251

beautiful violet eyes

Answer 252

They work to preserve historic buildings. We need to conserve water during the drought.

Answer 253

conservationists may be able to implement protective measures for endangered species by studying their behavior and habitats up close

Answer 254

conservationists may be able to implement protective measures for endangered species by studying their behavior and habitats up close

Answer 255

Is there such a thing as an environmentally friendly car? eco-friendly products green products/technology/energy clean fuel/energy renewable energy sustainable farming/lifestyle/development carbon-neutral company/building/city low-carbon economy/electricity low-energy light bulb/building

Answer 256

Schools ought to incorporate a history education program into the curriculum We’ve incorporated many environmentally friendly features into the design of the building. Our original proposals were not incorporated in the new legislation.

Answer 257

for the excess expenses

Answer 258

Surplus funds, budget surplus

Answer 259

There’s a lack of communication in the team. There is a shortage of nurses in the hospital.

Answer 260

He persisted in his refusal to admit responsibility.

Answer 261

persistent rumours persistent headaches a persistent problem persistent rain

Answer 262

urge somebody to do something I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. urge that He urged that a referendum should be held by December.

Answer 263

Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.

Answer 264

Schools try to teach children a set of principles.

Answer 265

His principal reason for making the journey was to visit his family. ___ a small school with just three teachers and the principal

Answer 266

A round-table discussion was held.

Answer 267

We had a round table to discuss ideas.

Answer 268

It rained the whole vacation, but we made the best of it by playing indoor games.

Answer 269

She took advantage of the club discounts at local shops.

Answer 270

Governments make laws and the police enforce them.

Answer 271

law enforcement

Answer 272

enforced absence/separation etc a period of enforced isolation

Answer 273

The film reinforces the idea that women should be pretty and dumb.

Answer 274

The bridge needs some structural reinforcement.

Answer 275

diagnose somebody as (having) something Joe struggled in school before he was diagnosed as dyslexic. diagnose something as something The illness was diagnosed as mumps. diagnose somebody with something She was diagnosed with breast cancer.

Answer 276

diagnosis of diagnosis of kidney disease An exact diagnosis can only be made by obtaining a blood sample.

Answer 277

disguise yourself as somebody/something Maybe you could disguise yourself as a waiter and sneak in there. He escaped across the border disguised as a priest.

Answer 278

be designated something The lake was recently designated a conservation area. be designated as/for something Funds were designated for projects in low-income areas. be designated to do something She has been designated to take over the position of treasurer.

Answer 279

His account was badly distorted by the press.

Answer 280

trade/agricultural etc subsidies international disagreement over trade subsidies

Answer 281

\! spread & scatter

Answer 282

! comply & conform

Answer 283

Prolonged exposure to sunlight can cause skin cancer. Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of lung disease. Exposure to new cultures can broaden one’s perspective.

Answer 284

I was trying to think of some way to prolong the conversation.

Answer 285

Prolonged exposure to sunlight can cause skin cancer.

Answer 286

Her persistence paid off when she was offered the job of manager.

Answer 287

He persisted in his refusal to admit responsibility.

Answer 288

persistent rumours persistent headaches a persistent problem persistent rain

Answer 289

She regularly posts updates about her new songs and albums. Apart from that, she shares glimpses of her personal life, like traveling or spending time with friends, which makes her account more interesting to follow.

Answer 290

his courage in the face of adversity

Answer 291

They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.

Answer 292

1 the period of time between two events, activities etc He left the room, returning after a short interval with a message. interval between The interval between arrest and trial can be up to six months. 2 → sunny/bright intervals 3 → at weekly/20-minute etc intervals 4 → at regular intervals

Answer 293

She survived the attack.

Answer 294

Local people have decided to revive this centuries-old tradition. both men collapsed, but were revived

Answer 295

The study encompasses the social, political, and economic aspects of the situation. The price includes dinner, bed, and breakfast the country comprises twenty states he has incorporated in his proposals a large number of measures The audience consisted mainly of teenagers. Running your own business usually involves working long hours. This bottle contains water.

Answer 296

Older people are more prone to infections. Soil on the mountain slopes is very prone to erosion.

Answer 297

The possibility remains that the two theories may be reconciled. reconcile something with something Bevan tried to reconcile British socialism with a wider international vision. __________ 2 → be reconciled (with somebody) Jonah and his youngest son were, on the surface at least, reconciled.

Answer 298

baseball/outdoors/sailing etc enthusiast a keep-fit enthusiast enthusiast for an enthusiast for the latest management thinking

Answer 299

boost boast

Memory 1 Flashcards

(324 cards)