Memory

Question 1

What are the three main stages in the Modal Model of Memory?

Answer 1

Sensory Memory → Working Memory → Long-Term Memory

Question 2

What is sensory memory responsible for?

Answer 2

Briefly holding sensory input (visual, auditory, etc.) before attention selects information for processing.

Question 3

What is the function of working memory?

Answer 3

Temporarily holding and manipulating information for active tasks like reasoning, learning, and comprehension.

Question 4

What are the components of working memory (Baddeley & Hitch)?

Answer 4

Central Executive, Phonological Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad, Episodic Buffer.

Question 5

What is the central executive responsible for?

Answer 5

Directing attention, managing cognitive resources, and coordinating the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.

Question 6

What does the phonological loop handle?

Answer 6

Verbal and auditory information (e.g., repeating words or remembering a phone number).

Question 7

What does the visuospatial sketchpad handle?

Answer 7

Visual and spatial information (e.g., imagining shapes or navigating space).

Question 8

What is the episodic buffer?

Answer 8

A temporary store that integrates visual, spatial, and verbal information into a coherent “episode” linked to long-term memory.

Associations and integrating information

Question 9

What are the two main types of long-term memory?

Answer 9

Explicit (declarative) and Implicit (automatic).

Question 10

What are the two subtypes of explicit memory?

Answer 10

Episodic (personal experiences) and Semantic (facts and knowledge).

Question 11

What are the subtypes of implicit memory?

Answer 11

: Procedural, Conditioned, and Priming (conceptual and perceptual).

Question 12

What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?

Answer 12

The strengthening of synaptic connections through repeated activation — the neural basis of learning and memory.

Question 13

What is the associative network model of long-term memory?

Answer 13

Memory is a web of interconnected nodes (concepts) — activating one spreads activation to related nodes.

Question 14

What is priming in associative networks?

Answer 14

exposure to one concept reduces response time to related concepts.