What is memory?
active system that receives information from
the senses, organizes and alters it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage
What are the 3 main processes of memory?
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
What is an example of a process of memory:
Encoding: Writing notes on a google doc
Storage: save the notes
Retrival: reopening that google doc
Explain encoding in memory:
It is forming a memory code
Attention is needed for proper encoding
(Divided attention can reduce or impair encoding and performance)
Explain Storage in memory:
Information processing model
Assumes the processing of information for memory
Consists of 3 parts:
-sensory memory
-short term memory
-long term memory
Explain sensory memory (stage 1):
incoming information (sensory
input) is stored in sensory memory for a very brief
period (usually only part of a second)
(Comes from senses)
(Has a large capacity)
How long does sensory memory stay for?
1/2 a second/500 Milla seconds =visual
2 seconds/ 2000 Milla seconds = auditory
Can sensory memory be delayed? How?
Yes since it takes 1/2 a second or 2 seconds to retain information.
Explain short term memory( stage 2) :
• Brief storage of items (less than 20-30 seconds)
• Limited capacity
• Involved in conscious processing of information
How to make short term memory last longer
Maintenance rehearsal
Or
Elaborative rehearsal
What is maitnence rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal – repeating information to
be remembered over and over to maintain it in short-term memory (sensitive interpretations) (in memory by repeating it over and over again)
(example 2 factor verification code, you get the code, the doorbell rings…you forget the code)
(it stays in short term)
Explain elaborative rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal – linking new information to
existing information (this can make short info turn into long term memory) (ex:BEDMAS)
What is the capacity of short term memory:
Average it is 7 +/- 2 (standard deviation)
What is chunking?
It is a way to store more information in short term memory:
grouping familiar stimuli stored as
a single unit
• These units are already in long-term memory
For this method to work they have to be acronyms that are already in your long term memory… NFL, PEI….
What is long term memory (stage 3)
system into which
information is placed to be kept for long periods
Could last up from 45 seconds to years
Information is stored in an organized way (like a library)
It has an UNLIMITED CAPACITY
What is an example of remembering semantic ways:
Example: you can’t remember a word but you can describe it when talking to your friends
What is an example of remembering things in a phonemic way
Or if you can’t remember someone’s name but you remember the sound it makes like Sabrina….SSSSSSS. Phonemic way: a sound we make with our mouths
What is automatic encoding?
tendency of
certain kinds of information to enter
long-term memory with little or no
effortful encoding
You don’t have to put effort in to remember. Example: there’s some amount of surprise and emotions that are relevant, happy, sad, scary.
What are flash mob memories (encoding)
Flashbulb memories – type of
automatic encoding that occurs
because an unexpected, momentous
event
Moment when something outside happens and you remember where you where when you heard it. Ex: me doing dishes when Charlie Kirk died.
What are the types of LTM
Implicit memory: Procedural memory
Explicit memory/declarative memory
What is implicit memory:
Memory’s that exist outside of conscious awareness
What is procedural memory: (form of implicit memory)
memory for skills, procedures,
habits, and conditioned responses
Example: how to tie your shoes: you just do it
What is explicit/declarative Memory:
Type of long term memory containing information that is conscious and known (memory or facts or rules )
Verbalized: you can declare it
Conscious: you know you know it
What are the 2 types of declarative LTM
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
