⚪️ Memory - Working Memory Model

Question 1

Components of WMM

Answer 1

Question 2

What did Baddeley and Hitch argue

Answer 2

1974: argued that the picture of short term memory provided by the MSM is far too simple.

Question 3

What is the role of the working memory

Answer 3

To temporarily store and manipulate information being used, storage of STM

Question 4

What is the working memory susceptible to

Answer 4

• distractions
• overload of information
• overtake (complicated calculations)

Question 5

Where is the central executive stored in the brain

Answer 5

Prefrontal lobe

Question 6

Where is the phonological loop stored in the brain

Answer 6

Left parietal

Question 7

Where are spatial tasks stored

Answer 7

Occipital

Question 8

Where is the articulately control process stored - part of the phonological loop

Answer 8

Left frontal / Broca’s area

Question 9

Responsibilities of the central executive

Answer 9

• limited capacity
• processes information from any sensory system
• decides what to pay attention to inhibiting irrelevant information
• allocates tasks to the PL and VSS systems
• most important component of working memory
• has the capacity to focus, divide and switch attention

Question 10

Evidence of the central executive

Answer 10

Braver et al 1997

Question 11

Why does Braver’s study support the
existence of the central executive?

Answer 11

Brain scan carried out while performing cognitive tasks .

It demonstrated that there is a specific area associated with the tasks carried out by the central executive. Suggesting there is a specific, separate component that can be called the central executive

Question 12

Phonological loop role

Answer 12

• inner ear, deals with auditory information
• holds auditory speech information (or any visually presented language e.g reading)
• limited capacity

Question 13

What does the phonological loop consist of

Answer 13

Phonological store
Articulatory control system

Question 14

Role of phonological store

Answer 14

Hold words that we hear

Question 15

Role of the articulatory control system

Answer 15

Allows maintenance rehearsal (sub vocal repetition)

Question 16

The visual - spatial sketch pad

Answer 16

• inner eye
• limited capacity
• temporary memory system for holding visual or spatial information
• geographical orientation (learning our way around an environment)

Question 17

When and why was the episodic buffer added

Answer 17

2000 because of criticisms that the model didn’t explain LTM or how STM integrated into LTM

Question 18

Role of episodic buffer

Answer 18

• storage component for the central executive
• temporary store for information, integrating visual, spatial and verbal information being processed by other stores
• provides a bridge between working memory and LTM

Question 19

Dual task theory

Answer 19

Baddeley and Hitch state that people can perform 2 tasks at the same time as long as the tasks use different components of the working memory system

Question 20

Shallice and Warrington (1970)

Answer 20

KF CASE STUDY

• damage to phonological store as a result of Brain damage due to a motorcycle accident
• no problem and LTM
• no problem with remembering Visual stimuli

Question 21

What does the KF case study (Shallice and Warrington 1970) show

Answer 21

Due to his memory for visual information being largely unaffected, and his auditory memory being affected, this shows that there are separate STM components for VSS and PL

Question 22

Why should psychologists be cautious about generalising the findings to the wider population?

Answer 22

The evidence gathered from cases such as KF’s may not be valid or reliable because it concerns unique and rare cases with
people who have had traumatic experiences

Question 23

Study showing different regions of the brain were activated when undertaking neuroimaging

Answer 23

Paulesu (1993) demonstrated that different regions of the brain were activated when undertaking tasks that used the phonological store and the articulatory loop