Micro Ch 22

Question 1

Meningitis: Signs&Symptoms

Answer 1

a. swelling of meninges
b. WBC culmination
c. headache
d. fever
e. coma
f. nausea
g. vomiting (violent)
h. death
i. Kernig’s Sign: tightening of hamstrings
j. stiff neck

Question 2

Meningitis: Diagnosis

Answer 2

• must be rapid
• use CSF sample
• simple gram stain is best but culture and serology (Ig/Ag) test are effective as well

Question 3

Meningitis: Treatment

Answer 3

third generation cepholosporines

Question 4

Meningitis: Prevention

Answer 4

• 40% of pop are carriers

- avoid contact with saliva (don’t share)

Question 5

Why does Meningitis get serious so quickly?

Answer 5

• CSF is reproduced three times a day

Question 6

Meningitis: H. influenza

1. At Risk Populations
2. Prevention
3. Strains

Answer 6

1. • 6mth - 4yrs
2. • Hib vaccine (given at 6 weeks-6months)
     3.
   • 6 strains labeled a-f
   • 95% of cases are strain B

Question 7

Why is the Hib vaccine given at 6 months?

Answer 7

that is when kids start eating (more likely to be exposed)

Question 8

Meningitis: N. meningitis

1. At Risk Populations
2. Prevention
3. Symptoms
4. Strains
5. Detrimental Effects

Answer 8

1. • 0-5 years
   • young adults (from sharing)
   • prisoners and training soldiers
2. • Meningococcal vaccine (made from capsule)
3. • starts with throbbing headache and sore throat
4. • 5 strains
   • a, b, c, W135, y
   • most commonly c
5. • becomes septecimic quickly
   • tissue destruction leading to amputation
   • paralysis
   • deafness (auditory nerve)
   • death

Question 9

Meningitis: S. pneumoniae

1. Vulnerable Populations
2. Prevention
3. Transmission

Answer 9

1. • childern and elderly
2. • Pneumococcal Vaccine (only protects some strains)
3. • head/neck trauma/surgury
   • oditus media
   • sinus infections

Question 10

Meningitis: L. monocytogenes

1. Vulnerable Populations
2. Effects in Pregnancy

Answer 10

1. immunosuppressed

2. leads to ill newborn (60-65% death rate), stillborn or miscarriage

Question 11

Meningitis: E. coli

1. Vulnerable Populations

Answer 11

1. transmitted to newborn through birth canal

Question 12

5 menigitis Causing Bacteria

Answer 12

1. H. Influenza
2. N. meningitis
3. S. pneumoniae
4. L. monocytogenes
5. E. coli

Question 13

Food Poisoning: C. tetani

1. Mechanism of Action
2. Symptoms

Answer 13

1. • effects nerves at NMJ
   • GABA blocks relaxation causing spasm
2. • stiff neck
   • lock jaw and opsithotis (back spasm)
   • death

Question 14

Food Poisoning: C. botulinum

1. Mechanism of Action
2. Transmission
3. Strains
4. Symptoms

Answer 14

1. NMJ inhibits Ach
2. canned food poisoning
3. A,B,E,F
4. • abdominal distress
   • dry mouth
   • blurred vision
   • lungs/heart paralysis
   • paralysis
   • diarrhea or constipation

Question 15

2 Neuronal Food Poisoning Bacteria

Answer 15

1. C. botulinum

2. C. tetani

Question 16

Poliomyelitis is also known as…

2. Entry Point
3. Symptoms
4. Two Forms
5. 2 vaccines

Answer 16

infantile paralysis

Question 17

What is the entry point for poliomyelitis?

Answer 17

fecal/oral

Question 18

What are the symptoms of poliomyelitis?

Answer 18

• nausea

- sore throat

Question 19

What are the two forms of Poliomyelitis? What percent of cases are they?

Answer 19

1. Transient Viremia (99%)
   - no clinical symptoms
2. Persistent Virema (1%)
   - moves into CNS
   - effects motor neurons
   - causes paralysis and/or death

Question 20

What are teh two vaccines for poliomyelitis?

Answer 20

1. Salk
   - inactivated virus
   - IPV
   - has to be injected
2. A. Sabin
   - weakened/attenuated virus
   - oral (OPV)
   - cheaper
   - mutations can cause disease