Micro Ch 24

Question 1

Strep Throat

1. Signs&Symptoms
2. Diagnostics
3. Transmission
4. Treatment
5. Risks

Answer 1

1. • redness in throat
   • pus in throat
   • pain
   • sometimes tonsilitis
   • ottitus media in kids
2. • positive culture from pus in throat
3. • talking
   • sneezing
4. • penicillin
5. • untreated leads to scarlet fever

Question 2

Scarlet Fever

1. mechanism of Action
2. Signs&Symptoms

Answer 2

1. • exotoxin
   • SPE family
   • travels through blood
2. • high fever
   • skin rash
   • tongue red and swollen
   • cheeks are red

Question 3

Ottitus Media

1. Vulnerable Population
2. Transmission
3. Infectious Particle
4. Signs&Symptoms

Answer 3

1. • kids
2. • movement from nose to ear
   • pool water
3. • S. pneumonae
   • S. pyogenes
   • S. aureus
   • viruses
4. • extreme pain at night that can induce vomiting

Question 4

Diptheria

1. Prevention
2. Treatment
3. Mechanism of Action
4. Signs&Symptoms

Answer 4

1. • DTaP
2. • trach
   • tonsil removal
   • membrane removal
3. • exotoxin AB Classic
   • enters causing cell protein synthesis and cell death
4. • fever
   • soar throat
   • fatigue
   • neck swelling
   • oozing fluid
   • fluid thickens and blocks throat
   • suffocation

Question 5

Describe the cutaneous form of diphtheria

Answer 5

• skin ulcers form with pseudomembrane

- caused by lack of sanitation or needle use

Question 6

Pertussis

1. Attachment
2. Prevention
3. Caterral Stage
4. Exotoxin Stage
5. Convalescence Stage

Answer 6

1. • capsule
2. • DTaP
   • booster doses needed
3. • endotoxin
   • fever
   • runny nose
   • conjunctivitis (bordatella)
4. • tracheal
   • NO release (causing cell death)
   • mucus blocks resp tract
   • bouts of violent coughing (can cause brain bleed or broken ribs)
   • survivors can have epileptic fever
5. • 4-6 weeks

Question 7

Tuberculosis

1. Infectious Particle
2. Mechanism of Action
3. Severity
4. Prevention
5. Diagnosis

Answer 7

1. • mycobacterium tuberculosis
2. • mycolic acid
3. • progression related to immune response
4. • BCG
   • only available in eastern world
5. • skin TB test
   • uses bacteria protein (D)
   • Mantoux
   • injected in forearm
   • 48-72 hrs then swelling is measured
   • good baseline test

Question 8

Tuberculosis: Progression in Healthy Individual

Answer 8

• macrophages capture bacteria

- no symptoms

Question 9

Tuberculosis: Progression in Partial Immunocompromised Individual

Answer 9

• macrophages can’t destroy all bacteria
• macrophages form wall around bacteria
• lesions form tubercle
• calcified
• GHON complexes

Question 10

Tuberculosis: Progression in Completely Immunocompromised Individual

Answer 10

• complete immune failure
• bacilli escape
• “consumption”
• cough up blood
• VERY contagious

Question 11

Tuberculosis: Treatment

Answer 11

• *treatment is only available for full, not partial failure
• Isoniazid (low dose to prevent liver harm)
• Ethambutol (no side effects)
• pyrizinamide (low antibiotic resistance)
• rifampin
• streptomyocin (low dose, only used if pt is strong enough)

Question 12

Pneumonia: Typical

1. Infectious Particle
2. Attachment
3. Strains
4. Signs&Symptoms
5. Risks
6. Vulnerable Population

Answer 12

1. • S. pneumonia
2. • capsule
     3.
   • 90
3. • high fever
   • breathing difficulty
   • chest pain
   • rust coloured sputum
4. • can be sepecemic
   • effects pleural cavity
   • can cause meningitis
5. • COPD
   • Diabetes
   • kidney disease
   • smoking
   • HIV
   • alcohol
   • environmental pollutions

Question 13

Pneumonia: Atypical

1. Infectious Particle
2. Signs&Symptoms

Answer 13

1. • anything else
   • bacteria
   • fungi
   • virus
2. • slower onset
   • less fever
   • chest pain

Question 14

Pneumonia: Atypical, Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 14

• smokers
• grows in chocolate agar
• immunocompromised
• young people

Question 15

Pneumonia: Atypical, M. pneumoniae

Answer 15

• fried egg

- young people

Question 16

Pneumonia: Atypical, L. pneumophilia

Answer 16

• charcoal agar
• no endospore
• Pontiac Fever (mild)
• Legionaires (fatal)
• spreads through H2O
• multiple organ failure
• CNS, GI, diarrhia
• erythromycin
• FQ or Cipro

Question 17

Pneumonia: Atypical, RSV

Answer 17

• viral
• 1-3 yr
• spring (spores)
• syncatium (gian lung cells) form
• slow, wheezing
• treat with O2
• if wheezing is continuous- bronchitis
• Hoodini virus
• escapes phagocytes