Micro Chapter 20

Question 1

How do Penicillins work?

Question 2

Penicillins

1. Number of Species
2. Pen G vs Pen V
3. Adverse Effects

Answer 2

1. 50
2. G- IM or IV, V- oral
3. allergies

Question 3

Cephalosporins

1. Explain the generations
2. Adverse Effects
3. Downside
4. What can it treat?

Answer 3

1. get better with each generation
2. mild diarrhea and cramps
3. very expensive
4. 3rd gen treats meningitis

Question 4

Which medications effect the cell wall?

Answer 4

• penicillins

- Cephalosporins

Question 5

Chloramphenicol

1. Structure
2. Why is lab synthesis beneficial?
3. What does it treat?
4. Adverse effects
5. Mechanism of action

Answer 5

1. simple
2. less expensive
3. penetrates BBB to treat meningitis
4. fatal (rare)- a-plastic anemia suppressing immune system in bone marrow
5. blocks 50s so peptide bond can’t form

Question 6

Erythromycin

1. Structure
2. Mechanism of action
3. What is it used for?
4. Adverse effect
5. Synthesis
6. Why is this medication good for kids?

Answer 6

1. ring structure (macrolytes)
2. translocation movement of ribosome
3. drug of choice after penicillin, it is less toxic
4. mild gi discomfort (2-3%)
5. can come in flavoured liquid form

Question 7

Streptomycin

1. Mechanism of Action
2. What is it used for?
3. Adverse Effect
4. What is it?

Answer 7

1. changes shape of mRNA causing this area to not be read leading to the development of abhorrent protein (useless)
2. was used for TB but is resistant now
3. nephron toxicity (kidney effects); deafness
4. amino glycosides

Question 8

Tetracycline

1. Synthetic
2. Mechanism of Action
3. Adverse effects
4. Benefit

Answer 8

1. semisynthetic
2. binds to calcium and blocks docking sites
3. severe diarrhea, fungal growth in stomach, bad for pregnancy (causes liver failure in mom), brown teeth in kids, bone growth in fetus (skull)
4. broadest spectrum- animals, mycoplasma, STD, Gram + and -

Question 9

Antibiotics that Effect Protein

Answer 9

1. Chloramphenicol
2. Erythromycin
3. Streptomycin
4. Tetracycline

Question 10

Rifampin

1. What does it treat?
2. Mechanism of Action
3. Adverse Effects

Answer 10

1. M. tuburculosis, M. leprae
2. inhibits RNA polymerase
3. hepatotoxic

Question 11

Quinolones

1. What does it treat?
2. Mechanism of Action
3. Benefits
4. Adverse Effects

Answer 11

1. UTI, legionella, antrax
2. inhibits DNA gyrase
3. good penetration and potency
4. attach to bones especially effecting cartilage development, bad for pregnancy, children and elderly

Question 12

Antibiotics Effecting Nucleic Acid

Answer 12

1. Rifampine

2. Quinolones

Question 13

Polymyxin

1. Mechanism of Action
2. What does it treat?
3. Route
4. Adverse Effects

Answer 13

1. ruptures plasma membrane
2. pseudomonas
3. topical- ointment
4. kidney

Question 14

What antibiotics effect the plasma membrane?

Answer 14

polymyxin

Question 15

Metabolic Antibiotics

1. Mechanism of Action
2. Adverse Effects
3. What do they treat?
4. Comparison of Two Types

Answer 15

1. attack PABA which forms folic acid
2. third trimester of pregnancy
   3 . UTI
3. Sulpha Drugs (earlier in chain) and Trimethoprim (later in chain)

Question 16

How do Antivirals work?

Answer 16

• originate as a nucleoside with B,S and no phosphate
• when in body they bind with phosphate becoming a false nucleotide
• Stops DNA and RNA formation in virus

Question 17

Acylovir

1. What is it?
2. What does it treat?
3. What is it’s base?

Answer 17

1. antivirus
2. herpes 2 and 3
3. guanine

Question 18

Gancylovir

1. What is it?
2. What does it treat?
3. What is it’s base?

Answer 18

1. antivirus
2. herpes 3
3. guanine

Question 19

Zidovidine
1. What is it?
2. What doe sit treat?
3 What is it’s base?

Answer 19

1. antivirus
2. HIV
3. thymine

Question 20

Aamividine
1. What is it?
2. What doe sit treat?
3 What is it’s base?

Answer 20

1. antivirus
2. HIV and HepB
3. cytosine