micro ch 7

Question 1

are virus alive?

Answer 1

no dont multiply independent, not lifeless active or inactive

Question 2

virus as part of evolution

Answer 2

shape the way cells, tissu and bacteria evolved 40-80%
part of normal microbiome

Question 3

virus charachterists

Answer 3

not cell, parasite of vac prot fung alg plant and animal, are everywhere and have impact
can have either dna or rna double or single

Question 4

what size are virus?

Answer 4

smaller than bacteria, 20nm to 1500 nm, need electromicroscope and dye

Question 5

virus need only?

Answer 5

external coating-capsid, and genetic material-nucleic acid( dna or rna)

Question 6

nucleocapsid

Answer 6

capsid and nucleic acid together

Question 7

envelope

Answer 7

modeified piece of host membrane, when laking called naked in addition to capsid some have

Question 8

allow virus to dock, made of glycoproteins

Answer 8

spike

Question 9

capsomeres

Answer 9

identical protein subunit that spontaneously self assemble to form capsid

Question 10

helical and icosahedral capsids

Answer 10

rod-shaped sapsomere that form a helix around nucleic a
3 dimentional 20 sided figure with 12 evely spaced corners

Question 11

naked is more?

Answer 11

rigid

Question 12

viral capsid, complex capsid

Answer 12

found in bacteriophage, have multiple proteins non symmetrical

Question 13

genome

Answer 13

full complemtent of dna rnvirus pocess only enough to envade and change

Question 13

bacteriophage

Answer 13

virus that infect bacteria

Question 14

positive-sense rna

Answer 14

single strand rna genomes ready for immediate translation into proteins

Question 15

negative-sense rna

Answer 15

rna genomes that neeed to be converted into the proper form to be made into protien

Question 16

plymerases
replicases
reverse trascriptase
arenaviruses
retroviruses

Answer 16

synthesize dna and rna
copy rna
synthesies dna from rna
pack along hose ribosomes
borrow the hosts trna melecules

Question 17

virus order
virus family
virus genera

Answer 17

virales
viridae
virus

Question 18

phases in the life cycle of animal virus

Answer 18

adsorption
penetration
uncoating
synthesis
assembly
release

Question 19

host range

Answer 19

compatile, restricted, mod rest, broad host range rabies

Question 20

endocytosis

Answer 20

penetration entire virus is engulged by the cell and enclosed in a vacuole or vesicle

Question 21

uncoating

Answer 21

enzymes in the vacuole dissolve the envelope and capsid releasing virus into cytoplasm

Question 22

inclusion bodies

Answer 22

compact masses of viurses or damaged cell organelles in the nucleus or cytoplasm

Question 22

synthesis

Answer 22

genome replication and protein production, viral nucleic acid takes control over hosts metabolic machinery
RNA virus replicate in cytoplasm
DNA viruses replicate in nucleus

Question 23

cytopathic effects

Answer 23

virus induced damage to the cell that alters microscopic appearance shape size

Question 24

syncytium

Answer 24

fusion of multiple host cells into a single large cell containing multiple nuclei

Question 25

provirus

Answer 25

viral dna incorporated into the dna of the host

Question 26

cronic latent statere

Answer 26

periodic reactivation after a period of viral inactivity

Question 27

oncogenic virus

Answer 27

cause cancer either direce, or produces proteins that induce a loss of groth regulation in cell(tumor)

Question 28

bacteriophage

Answer 28

contain dsdnaa, ssdna and ssrna, every bacteria has one, makes more pathogenic, penetrates with tube and squirts viral nucleic acid into cytoplasm

Question 29

viroids

Answer 29

virus like agent that parasitizes plants, naked rna no capsid, tomatoe potoatoe

Question 30

satelllite viruses

Answer 30

depend on other viruses for replication, adeno-associated virus aav. infect the infected

Question 31

prion

Answer 31

no nucleaic acid, unknown replication, mode of infection unknown, tiny pieces of flolded protein that can be aquired or spontanious-remain dormant, case slow death no cure-can tell thru gene mutation

Question 32

spongiform encephalopathy

Answer 32

mad cow brain nervous system spongy brain prioins!

Question 33

interferon

Answer 33

ifn, naturally occuring, used with some success in preventng and treating virus

Question 34

case of infection

Answer 34

cold pox, flue herpes, war, high mortality rabies and ebola disability polio and neonatual rubella