MICRO TEST 2 ( CHAPTER 2) Sample Quiz & Reading Questions

Question 1

Which of the following structures have NO electrical charge?

Answer 1

Neutrons

Protons have a positive charge, and electrons have a negative charge. Ions carry a charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

Question 2

The atomic mass of an atom most closely approximates the sum of the masses of all its…

Answer 2

Protons and neutrons

Electrons have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons.

Question 3

One isotope of iodine differs from another in —

Answer 3

The number of neutrons

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an organic compound?

Answer 4

Water

Organic compounds typically contain carbon, while water is an inorganic compound.

Question 5

Which of the following terms most correctly, describes the bonds in a molecule of water? 

Answer 5

Polar Covalent Bond

Question 6

In water, cations and anions of salts dissociate from one another and become surrounded by water molecules. In this state the ions are also called…

Answer 6

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are ions that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Question 7

Which of the following can be most accurately described as a decomposition reaction?

Answer 7

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2

A decomposition reaction is characterized by the breakdown of a compound into simpler products.

Question 8

What is true about a carbonated cola beverage with a pH of 2.9?

Answer 8

It has a relatively high concentration of hydrogen ions.

A lower pH indicates a higher concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 9

Proteins are polymers of ______.

Answer 9

Amino acids

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Question 10

Which of the following are hydrophobic organic molecules?

Answer 10

Lipids

Lipids are known for their hydrophobic properties and include fats and oils.

Question 11

The outermost electron shell of an atom is called _______

Answer 11

VALENCE

Question 12

Bond between atoms with nearly equal electronnegativities

Answer 12

NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND

Question 13

principle short-term energy storage molecule ( energy currency) _______

Answer 13

ATP

Question 14

Common long-term energy storage molecule in cells _______

Answer 14

FAT

Question 15

Groups of atoms such as NH2 or OH in organic chemistry are known as _______

Answer 15

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Question 16

The reverse of dehydration synthesis

Answer 16

HYDROLYSIS

Question 17

Reactions that release energy _______

Answer 17

EXOTHERMIC

Question 18

Molecules resulting from a chemical reaction _______

Answer 18

PRODUCTS

Question 19

scale that measures hydrogen ion concentration _______

Answer 19

pH

Question 20

The sugar in a nucleotide containing the base uracil _______

Answer 20

RIBOSE

Question 21

Which of the following is the most alkaline pH?

Answer 21

pH 13.0

Question 22

Pure water has a neutral pH because ___

Answer 22

it dissociates into equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions

Question 23

An acid dissociates in water to release

Answer 23

hydrogen ion(s)

Question 24

An increase in the pH of a solution by 2 whole numbers represents a change in the number of hydrogen ions by what factor?

Answer 24

100

Question 25

In the symbol R-OH, the “R” stands for the ___ part of the molecule.

Answer 25

variable

Question 26

What is the common trait of ALL lipids?

Answer 26

They have atoms linked by nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 27

Sucrose is an example of which of the following?

Answer 27

a disaccharide

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

Answer 28

peptidoglycan

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of saturated fats?

Answer 29

they contain at least one double bond

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of phospholipids?

Answer 30

they contain fatty acids that associate with water.

Question 31

Organisms use carbohydrates in all of the following ways EXCEPT ___

Answer 31

to keep membranes flexible at low temperatures.

Question 32

Fats, proteins, and complex carbohydrates are all produced by ___

Answer 32

dehydration synthesis

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

Answer 33

glycogen

Question 34

Which of the following statements about proteins is FALSE?

Answer 34

Their primary function is energy storage.

Question 35

All of the following are components of an amino acid EXCEPT ___

Answer 35

a pentose group.

Question 36

Which of the following is found in nucleic acids?

Answer 36

purines

Question 37

Hydrogen bonds are found in all of the following EXCEPT ___

Answer 37

between phosphates in ATP.

Question 38

Tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins involves ___ bonds.

Answer 38

ionic, hydrogen, polar, and nonpolar covalent

Question 39

Which of the following are examples of pyrimidines?

Answer 39

cytosine and thymine

Question 40

All of the following bases are found in RNA molecules EXCEPT ___

Answer 40

thymine

Question 41

The “spine” of the DNA molecule is composed of ___

Answer 41

alternating phosphates and pentoses (sugars)

Question 42

Which of the following would NOT normally be found as a component of a cell’s nucleic acids?

Answer 42

uracil deoxyribonucleotides

Question 43

All of the following are associated with ATP molecules EXCEPT ___

Answer 43

a long-term energy supply.

Question 44

Which of the following statements concerning nucleic acids is FALSE?

Answer 44

The nucleic acid polymer is composed of peptide bonds.

Question 45

Plant cell walls are composed of ___ held together by ___.

Answer 45

polysaccharides, hydrogen bonds

Question 46

Lipids found in the membranes of all eukaryotic cells are ___.

Answer 46

phospholipids

Question 47

A protein is a ___ of amino acids.

Answer 47

polymer

Question 48

DNA is composed of repeating units of sugars, phosphates, and nucleic acids. This is an example of a:

Answer 48

polymer

Question 49

Glucose is an example of what type of carbohydrate?

Answer 49

a hexose monomer

Question 50

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a:

Answer 50

monomer

Question 51

The side groups of amino acids can interact with each other and with other molecules.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Monosaccharides are usually found in cyclic forms.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Some viruses have a genome consisting of double-stranded RNA. How could you distinguish between this virus and a virus containing double-stranded DNA?

Answer 54

Analysis of the genome sequence would reveal different nitrogenous bases in the RNA virus as compared to the DNA virus.

Question 55

If an arrow were drawn between “DNA” and “mRNA,” which of the following would be the best label?

Answer 55

is transcribed into

Question 56

DNA and RNA share which of the following characteristics?

Answer 56

Both are made, in part, of nitrogenous bases and sugars.

Question 57

How is an acid defined?

Answer 57

A molecule that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions.

Question 58

Some microorganisms, such as Helicobacter pylori, can alter the pH of their environment. How is this characteristic used in the microbiology laboratory?

Answer 58

Microbiologic media can be formulated to change color in response to pH changes.

Question 59

Organisms that have the ability to tolerate low pH ranges, such as Helicobacter pylori, are referred to as ___

Answer 59

acidophiles