MICRO TEST 3 (CHAPTER 16) Sample Quiz & Reading Questions

Question 1

Antibodies function to

Answer 1

Mark invading organisms for destruction

Question 2

MHC class Il molecules bind to____and trigger ____

Answer 2

Exogenous antigens; helper T cells

Question 3

Rejection of a foreign skin graft is an example of

Answer 3

A cell-mediated immune response

Question 4

An autoantigen is

Answer 4

A normal body component

Question 5

Among the key molecules that control cell-mediated cytotoxicity are

Answer 5

Cytokines

Question 6

Which of the following lymphocytes predominates in blood?

Answer 6

T cells

Question 7

The major class of immunoglobulin found on the surfaces of the walls of the intestines and airways is secretory____.

Answer 7

IgA

Question 8

Which cells express MHC class I molecules in a patient?

Answer 8

All nucleated cells

Question 9

In which of the following sites in the body can B cells be found?

Answer 9

All of these

Question 10

Tc cells recognize epitopes only when the latter are held by

Answer 10

MHC proteins

Question 11

What is the role of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response?

Answer 11

Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells.

Question 12

What is meant by the clonal expansion of a B cell?

Answer 12

An activated B cell divides into cells that give rise to memory B cells and plasma cells.

Question 13

If a student who caught a cold caused by a specific Rhinovirus was exposed to the exact same Rhinovirus 18 months later, what component of the immune system would protect her from getting the same cold again?

Answer 13

Memory B cells

Question 14

Correctly order the steps involved in cellular immunity:

Answer 14

A. The Tc recognizes the infected host cell
B. The Tc interacts with epitope presented by MHC-I on the dendritic cell
D. The helper T cell activates the Tc cell
C. The Tc secretes perforin and granzyme, causing apoptosis

Answer: 2. A, B, D, C

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a step used by cytotoxic T cells to kill infected host cells?

Answer 15

Recognition of infected host cell using its CD4 glycoprotein

Question 16

Place the following steps of phagocytosis in the order that they occur:

Answer 16

A. Endosome fuses with lysosome
B. Dendritic cell engulfs Rhinovirus
C. Epitopes are attached to MHC-II
D. Digestion of the Rhinovirus
E. MHC-II plus the attached epitope move to the outside of the dendritic cell

Answer: 3. B, A, D, C, E

Question 17

Which pair of molecules do NOT directly interact with one another?

Answer 17

BCR and TCR

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a step that ultimately leads to antibody production?

Answer 18

CD8 and MHC-I

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a step that ultimately leads to antibody production?

Answer 19

Activation of cytotoxic T cells by helper T cells

Question 20

A person who has AIDS contracts rare and often life-threatening infections because their helper T cell count is so low. Which component of the immune response still responds to antigen despite the low helper T cell count?

Answer 20

Apoptosis of infected host cells

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true?

Answer 21

Innate defenses are enough to keep a person healthy.

Question 22

Mucous membranes are a part of ___ .

Answer 22

innate defense

Question 23

B cells interact directly with ___ .

Answer 23

helper T cells

Question 24

Which of the following defense systems would be involved in fighting a viral pathogen?

Answer 24

T lymphocytes

Question 25

Antibodies interact with which innate defenses?

Answer 25

Phagocytosis and the complement system

Question 26

Which cells directly attack abnormal cells in the body?

Answer 26

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 27

The primary immune response involves

Answer 27

a slow rise in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a gradual decline.

Question 28

For approximately how many days is IgG present in the serum?

Answer 28

20 days

Question 29

On what day does IgM first appear?

Answer 29

Day 1

Question 30

Which cells are involved in a secondary response?

Answer 30

Memory B cells

Question 31

How is the secondary response different from the primary response in terms of antibody concentration in the blood?

Answer 31

The secondary response is faster and produces more antibodies than the primary response.

Question 32

On which day does the production of IgG occur in the secondary response

Answer 32

Day 2

Question 33

An anamnestic response is ___ .

Answer 33

another name for secondary response.

Question 34

The characteristic of adaptive immunity by which the adaptive immune response acts against one molecular shape and no others is called ___ .

Answer 34

specificity

Question 35

Phagocytosis is a process for engulfing large particles (>1 µm). Which feature of antibodies will help to make particles larger, therefore enhancing phagocytosis?

Answer 35

agglutination

Question 36

The flu virus mutates fairly frequently… When a particular flu virus mutates such that its adhesive proteins change, which function of antibodies is disrupted?

Answer 36

neutralization

Question 37

___ stimulated with ___ differentiate into ___, which secrete antibodies into the bloodstream.

Answer 37

B-cells, antigen, plasma cells

Question 38

Which receptor on the helper T-cell recognizes the specific antigen from an antigen-presenting cell?

Answer 38

TCR

Question 39

TH2 cells produce cytokines that activate ___ .

Answer 39

B cells

Question 40

Which proteins on the antigen-presenting cell are recognized by the helper T-cell?

Answer 40

MHC proteins

Question 41

Natural killer cells are activated by ___ .

Answer 41

TH1 cells

Question 42

When do helper T-cells develop into TH1 or TH2 cells?

Answer 42

After proliferation into a clonal population

Question 43

Which type of cell directly attacks infected cells?

Answer 43

Cytotoxic T-cells

Question 44

Cytokines are produced by which of the following cells?

Answer 44

Helper T-cells

Question 45

How do helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells work together?

Question 46

HIV directly infects T-cells. Why is this problematic for cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 46

Cytotoxic T-cells begin to attack the virally infected T-cells, reducing the number of T-cells in the body.

Question 47

What makes agglutination by antibodies possible?

Answer 47

Each antibody has at least two antigen-binding sites.

Question 48

What is the role of plasma cells in humoral immunity?

Answer 48

Plasma cells produce antibodies.

Question 49

How might a pathogenic bacterium be affected by antibodies?

Answer 49

The antibodies may coat the surface of the bacteria (opsonization), allowing for it to be tagged for phagocytosis.

Question 50

What is apoptosis?

Answer 50

The process of programmed cell death.

Question 51

How might a pathogenic bacterium be affected by antibodies?

Answer 51

The antibodies may coat the surface of the bacteria (opsonization), allowing for it to be tagged for phagocytosis.

Question 52

What is the function of the CD8 receptor?

Answer 52

Bind to MHC molecules

Question 53

What is the fate of activated cytotoxic T-cells?

Answer 53

They proliferate into a clone of cells specific to the same antigen; some of these cells then differentiate into long-lived memory T-cells.

Question 54

Which molecule triggers apoptosis?

Answer 54

Granzyme

Question 55

Which event happens first during cytotoxic T-cell activation?

Answer 55

CD8 binds to MHC molecules of infected cells

Question 56

Babies that are fed formula instead of being breastfed partially lack which of the following types of immunity?

Answer 56

naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 57

Which cells would be responsible for producing the antibodies associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) external proteins?

Answer 57

3. B lymphocytes (Plasma B cells produce antibodies.)

Question 58

Which component of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies?

Answer 58

The external viral proteins of the HPV vaccine

Question 59

If, after being vaccinated, a person is exposed to high-risk HPV, what cells alert B lymphocytes to stimulate clonal expansion and produce protective antibodies specific to HPV?

Answer 59

B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells