MICRO TEST 2 (CHAPTER 5) Microbial Metabolism Sample Quiz & Reading Questions

Question 1

Breaks a large molecule into smaller ones

Answer 1

Catabolism only

Catabolism is the metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units, releasing energy.

Question 2

Includes dehydration synthesis reactions

Answer 2

Anabolism only

Anabolism refers to the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones, often involving dehydration synthesis.

Question 3

Is exergonic

Answer 3

Catabolism only

Exergonic reactions release energy, which is characteristic of catabolic processes.

Question 4

Is endergonic

Answer 4

Anabolism only

Endergonic reactions require energy input, typical of anabolic processes.

Question 5

Involves the production of cell membrane constituents

Answer 5

Anabolism only

Anabolic processes are responsible for the synthesis of cell membrane components.

Question 6

Includes hydrolytic reactions

Answer 6

Catabolism only

Hydrolytic reactions break down complex molecules by adding water, a key feature of catabolism.

Question 7

Includes metabolism

Answer 7

Both anabolism and catabolism (amphibolic)

Metabolism encompasses both the buildup (anabolism) and breakdown (catabolism) of molecules.

Question 8

Redox reactions

Answer 8

Transfer energy, Transfer electrons, Involve oxidation and reduction ( ALL OF THE ABOVE)

Redox reactions are fundamental chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons, leading to oxidation and reduction processes.

Question 9

A reduced molecule

Answer 9

Has gained electrons

A reduced molecule has undergone a reduction reaction, resulting in a gain of electrons.

Question 10

Activation energy

Answer 10

Is lowered by the action of organic catalyst

Activation energy is crucial for initiating chemical reactions and is influenced by various factors including catalysts.

Question 11

coenzymes

Answer 11

Are organic cofactors

Coenzymes assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions and are typically derived from vitamins.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes ribozymes

Answer 12

Ribozymes process RNA molecules in eukaryotes

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT affect the function of enzymes?

Answer 13

Ubiquinone

Question 14

Most oxidation reactions in bacteria involve the?

Answer 14

Removal of hydrogen ions and electrons

Question 15

Under ideal conditions, the fermentation of one glucose molecule by a bacterium allows a net gain of how many ATP molecules?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

Under ideal conditions, the complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose by a bacterium allows a net gain of how many ATP molecules?

Answer 16

38

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the Entner-Doudoroff pathway is FLASE?

Answer 17

It is a series of reactions that synthesize glucose.

Question 18

Reactions involved in the light independent reactions of photosynthesis constitute the

Answer 18

Calvin-Benson cycle

Question 19

The glycolysis pathway is basically

Answer 19

Catabolic

Question 20

a major difference between anaerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation is

Answer 20

That the latter uses organic molecules within the cell as final electron acceptors

Question 21

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 21

C6H1206 + 6H20 -> 6C02 + 6O2 + ATP energy

Question 22

Which of the following pathways produced the most NADH and the least ATP ?

Answer 22

Krebs cycle

Question 23

A new antibiotic inhibits acetyl-CoA synthesis and the electron transport chain. For each glucose, how many fewer ATP molecules will be produced

Answer 23

34

Question 24

Based on class discussion, which of the following is most likely true of microbial metabolism?

Answer 24

The Krebs cycle produces molecules necessary for function of the electron transport chain.

Question 25

Which of the following processes directly produce the most ATP?

Answer 25

the electron transport chain

Question 26

Which of the following statements about fermentation is true?

Answer 26

It is an alternative way to return electron carriers to their oxidized state.

Question 27

What is the role of pyruvic acid in fermentation?

Answer 27

It takes the electrons from NADH, oxidizing it back into NAD⁺.

Question 28

What is the fate of the NAD⁺ newly regenerated by fermentation?

Answer 28

It returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons.

Question 29

Which of the following is an acid produced by fermentation?

Answer 29

Lactic acid

Question 30

What is the intermediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 30

Acetaldehyde

Question 31

Botulism, caused by Clostridium botulinum, is the result of cellular metabolism characterized by ____

Answer 31

anaerobic fermentation where organic molecules are the final electron acceptor

Question 32

Clostridium botulinum anaerobic respiration and toxin production require

Answer 32

absence of oxygen

Question 33

Which organisms would you expect to grow most rapidly when given all necessary environmental conditions?

Answer 33

Organisms relying on aerobic respiration and using oxygen as the final electron acceptor

Question 34

Where would you expect to find electron transport chains in a prokaryote?

Answer 34

Along the plasma membrane

Question 35

Which compounds provide electrons to the electron transport system?

Answer 35

NADH and FADH₂

Question 36

What does oxygen get reduced to at the end of the electron transport chain?

Answer 36

Water

Question 37

What does the electron transport chain do to the concentration of hydrogen ions (protons)?

Answer 37

The concentration of protons is higher outside the membrane than inside.

Question 38

The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient is referred to as ___

Answer 38

chemiosmosis

Question 39

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

Answer 39

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Question 40

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 40

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP energy

Question 41

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 41

glycolysis

Question 42

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

Answer 42

mitochondrion

Question 43

Which statement describes glycolysis?

Answer 43

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Question 44

Which of the following equations represents photosynthesis?

Answer 44

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Question 45

In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 45

Chloroplast

Question 46

Which of the following is a by-product of the catabolism of proteins?

Answer 46

Ammonia

Question 47

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids produces a substrate of ___

Answer 47

the pentose phosphate pathway

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT an end product of fermentation?

Answer 48

NADH

Question 49

Carbon dioxide is a by-product of which of the following?

Answer 49

the Krebs cycle

Question 50

Although glycolysis requires an input of ATP, this pathway results in a net gain of two ATP; therefore it is a(n) ___ pathway.

Answer 50

exergonic

Question 51

Any molecule that serves as an electron acceptor will be ___

Answer 51

Reduced

Question 53

Which of the following statements concerning cellular metabolism is FALSE?

Answer 53

Macromolecules are converted into cell structures via catabolism.

Question 54

Sulfamamide inhibits an enzyme by mimicking the shape of its substrate. This type of inhibition is known as ___

Answer 54

competitive inhibition