Bacte > Microbial Control > Flashcards

Microbial Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Applied to inanimate objects

A

Disinfectant

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2
Q

Applied to skin

A

Antiseptic

Cannot be disinfectant

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3
Q

Most resistant organism in disinfection

A

Prions

Bacterial spores>Mycobacteria>Nonlipid virus>Fungi>Bacteria>Lipid virus

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4
Q

Total number of organisms present

A

Microbial load

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5
Q

Makes bleach inactivated

A

Organic material (mucus, blood, pus)

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6
Q

What are the heat method sterilizations?

A

Moist heat
Dry heat
Boiling Pasterurization

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7
Q

Reliable effects, ease of use, shorter time and cost effective method

A

Heat method

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8
Q

Sterilization in autoclave

A

15 psi, 121°C for 15 minutes

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9
Q

Decontamination in autoclave

A

30 psi, 135°C for 30 minutes

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10
Q

Biological Indicator in autoclave

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

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11
Q

Tyndallization

temperature and time?

A

100°C for 15-30 min

arnold’s sterilizer is commonly used

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12
Q

Thickening by dehydration

A

Inspissation

used when heating high-protein containing media

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13
Q

Sterilization for glass wares

A

Hot air oven/ dry oven

Sterilization

160-180°C for 1.5 to 3 hours

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13
Q

Longer exposure times and higher temperature

A

Dry heat

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14
Q

Biological indicator in hot air oven/dry oven

A

Bacillus subtilis var. Niger

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15
Q

Burns material into ashes and for disposal of wastes

A

Incineration

870-980°C for 2 seconds

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16
Q

Direct application of flame in aseptic technique

A

Direct flame

Sterilization

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17
Q

Kills most organisms approximately 100°C in 15 minutes

A

Boiling

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18
Q

Eliminates food-borne pathogens & organisms responsible for food spoilage

A

Pasteurization

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19
Q

Temperature and duration of flash method

A

72°C for 15 seconds

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20
Q

Temperature and duration of batch method

A

63°C for 30 mins

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21
Q

Temperature and duration in ultra high temperature

A

72-110°C for 5 seconds

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22
Q

Thin membrane filters composed of plastic polymers or cellulos enters containing spores

A

Liquid filtration

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23
Q

Pore size

A

0.45µm and 0.80µm

Bacteria, yeasts, and molds

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24
Critical sterilizing of parenteral solutions
0.22µm
25
Size of small viruses
0.01µm
26
Sterilization method for heat-sensitive solutions
Liquid filtration
27
Used of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters
Air filtration
28
Size that HEPA can block
0.3µm
29
Short wavelength and high energy
Ionizing radiation
30
Sterilization method for disposabe supplies
Ionizing radiation
31
Biological indicator for ionizing radiation
*Bacillus pumilis*
32
Long wavelength and low energy
Non-ionizing UV rays radiation
33
Disinfection method for surfaces
Non-ionizing UV rays radiation
34
Chemical agents that may be used to sterilized
Chemosterilizers
35
Principle of Alcohol
Inactivate microorganisms by denaturing protein
36
Disadvantage of Alcohol
Inactivated by organic materials
36
Disadvantage of Formaldehyde
Carcinogenic agent
37
Not recommended in any form to be used as disinfectant
Formaldehyde
38
Disinfection for biosafety cabinets
Formaldehyde
39
Principle of Glutaraldehyde
Inactivation of DNA and RNA through alkylation of sulfhydry and amino groups
40
Advantage of Glutaraldehyde
Rapid killing action
41
Disadvantage of Glutaraldehyde
Extremely susceptible to pH changes (active at alkaline)
42
Disinfectant composition of glutaraldhyde
2% solution for 10 mins
43
Sterilization composition of glutaraldhyde
2% solution for 3-10 hours
44
Sterilization method for heat lible medical equipment and those that cannot be sterilized with gas
Glutaraldehyde
45
Composition of iodophors
Iodine (5-10%) + polymer carriers
46
Example/s of polymer carriers
Polyvidone/povidone
47
Degrades microbial cell walls and cytoplasm, denatures enzymes, and coagulated chromosomal material
Iodophors
48
Less irritating, nonstaining, and more stable
Iodophors
49
Contact time of iodophors
30 seconds
50
Forms of hypochlorite
Household (Liquid sodium hypochlorite) White thingy sa paglalaba (Sodium calcium hypochlorite)
51
Principle of Hypochlorite
Oxidative effects of hypochlorous acid
52
Disadvantage of Hypochlorite
Long exposure time required for sporicidal action
53
Disinfectant composition of hypochlorite
0.5% to 1% sodium hypochlorite
54
Contact time for hypochlorite
at least 3 mins
55
Concentration of hypochlorite
1:10 dilution of a 5.25% sodium hypochlorite
56
Recomendation of CDC for blood spills
1:10 dilution of a 5.25% sodium hypochlorite
57
Disinfection for water
1:10 dilution of a 5.25% sodium hypochlorite
58
Principle of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QUATS)
Reducing the surface tension of molecules in a liquid
59
Disadvantage of QUATS | Quaternary Ammonium Compound
Effectiveness is reduced by hard water & soap
60
Disinfection method for noncritical surfaces (benchtops and floors)
QUATS | Quaternary Ammonium Compound
61
Principle of Phenolics
Disruption of cell walls leading to precipitation of proteins
62
Disinfection for surfaces in hospitals and household environment
Phenolics
63
Commonly found as ingredients of germicidal soaps
Phenolics
64
Total antiseptic type of phenolics
Chlorhexidine Gluconate (0.5% to 4%)
65
Principle of Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Disrupts the microbial cell membrane and precipitates
66
Advantage of Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Strong affinity to the skin and mucous membrances
67
Disadvantage of Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Affected by pH
68
Disinfection method for hand of surgical personnel and body of patients undergoing surgery
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
69
Effective against gram (+) bacteria
Hexachlorophene | 3% for 15-30 seconds
70
Principle of Hexachlorophene
Interrupts bacterial electron transport
71
Advantage of Chloroxylenol
Unaffected by organic materials
72
Inhibits membrane-bound enzymes
Low concentration hexachlorophene
73
Ruptures bacterial membranes
High concentration of Hexachlorophene
74
Principle of Chloroxylenol (0.5%-4%)
Microbial cell wall disruption and enzyme inactivation
75
Example of Chloroxylenol
Parachlorometaxylenol
76
Neutralized by nonionic surfactants and polyethylene
Chloroxylenol
77
Low antimicrobial efficacy
Chloroxylenol
78
Consumer and professional health care products
Triclosan
79
Disinfection method for health care personnel handwash and surgical hand scrub
Chloroxylenol
80
Principle of Triclosan
Disrupts the cell wall
81
Good activity against gram(+) and (-) bacteria & viruses
Triclosan
82
Fair activity of triclosan
*Mycobacterium tuberuclosis*
83
Poor activity of triclosan
Fungi
84
Advantage of Triclosan
Not affected by organic materials
84
Disadvantage of Triclosan
Affected by pH, formulation significantly affects activity, absorbed through intact skin
85
Rarely used in clinical application
Heavy metals
86
Slow bactericidal
Heavy metals
87
Disadvantage of heavy metals
Has toxic effects
88
Preservatives for paints
Mercuric chloride
88
Prophylactic treatment to prevent gonococcal conjuctivitis in newborn
Silver nitrate (1% eye drop solution)
89
Causes gonococcal conjunctivitis in newborn
*Neisseria gonorrheae*
90
Sporicidal effect of ethylene oxide
Relative humidity of 30%
91
composition of sterilant ethylene oxide
4-700 mg of ethylene oxide per liter of chamber space at 55-60°C for 2hrs.
92
Principle of ethylene oxide
Alkylation of nucleic acid in spore and vegetative cell
93
Biological Indicator of Ethlyene Oxide
*Bacillus subtilis var. Globigii*
94
Sterilization method for materials that cannot withstand steam sterilization
Ehtylene Oxide
95
Sterilant in the pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing industries (liquid form)
Hydrogen peroxide
95
Sterilant in the pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing industries (gaseous form)
Periacetic acid
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