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Staph Flashcards

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1
Q

What does glucose give when undergoes glycolysis?

A

Pyruvic acid

Single acid (Homolactic acid fermenters)
Mixed acid (lactic, propionic, succinic acid)

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2
Q

Gene responsible for methicillin resistance

A

mecA gene

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3
Q

VF that causes Bullous impetigo

A

Exfoliative Toxin

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4
Q

Catalase (+) organism

A

Staphylococcus spp.
Micrococcus spp.
Macrococcus spp.
Planococcus spp.
Rothia spp.
Alloiococcus spp.

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5
Q

Organism that have +/+ result on O/F reactions test

A

Staphlococcus aureus

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6
Q

Used as known factor in CAMP test for Streptococcus

A

Beta hemolysin

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7
Q

Organism that do not exhibit ZOI in novobiocin

A

S. xylosus
S. cohnii
S. kloosii
S. saprophyticus

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8
Q

What group causes TSS?

A

B A D

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9
Q

Catalase (-) organism

A

Rothia spp.
Alloiococcus spp.
Aerococcus spp.
Kocuria spp.
Enterococcus spp.
Streptococcus spp.

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10
Q

Infections associated with Staphylococcus aureus

A

Cutaneous infections
Food poisoning
Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS)
Toxic Schok Syndrome (TSS)
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
Cateomyelitis and septic arthritis

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11
Q

Positive and negative result in novobiocin susceptibility testing

A

Presence of ZOI
No ZOI

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12
Q

Macroscopic observation of Staphylococci

A

Medium sized (4-8mm), cream-colored, buttery and white or light gold

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13
Q

Facultative anaerobe Micrococcus spp.

A

Micrococcus kristinae & Micrococcus varians

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14
Q

What does MRSA means

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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15
Q

Often associated with community acquired staphylococcal infections

A

Leukocidin

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16
Q

Treatment of choise in MRSA

A

Vancomycin

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17
Q

PYR means

A

Pyrrolinodyl Arylamine

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18
Q

What is the phylum of Staphylococcus spp? and Micrococcus spp.?

A

Firmicutes and Actinobacteria

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19
Q

Heat stable exotoxins (100o for 30 mins) produced by 30%-50% isolate

Virulence Factor

A

Enterotoxins

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20
Q

Color of S. aureus and S. saprophyticus in HandyCHROM

A

Pink
Turqoise blue, colorless or inhibited

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21
Q

VF considered as marker of virulence

A

Coagulase

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22
Q

Type of coagulase that is extracellular protein enzyme

A

Free coagulase/Staphylocoagulase

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23
Q

Group that causes Staphylococcal pseudomembraneous enterocolitis

A

B G C I

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24
Q

Microscopic observation of Staphylococci

A

Gram (+) cocci in singly, in pairs and in grape-like clusters

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25
2 example of chromogenic media
CHROMagar and handyCHROM
26
Positive and Negative results for microdase
Blue purple color (micro) No change (*S. aureus*)
27
Principle of VP test
Determine the ability of some organism to produce neutral end products from glucose fermentation
28
Positive growth in PEA & Columbia CAN
*S. aureus & Micrococcus* spp.
29
VF that mediate binding to fibronectin
Teichoic acid
30
Two types of Cytotoxin
Hemolysin and Leukocidin
31
VF that causes SSS
Exfoliative Toxin
32
VF that inhibits phagocytosis
Polysaccharide capsule (Slime layer) | *Staphylococcus epidermidis*
33
Tests for differentiation of *Staphylococcus* spp. and *Micrococcus* spp.
Oxidase, glucose, furoxone-tween, glycerol,bacitracin, lysosome, lysostaphin, and catalase | OGluFuGlyBaLysoLytaCa
34
VF that is associated witht group A-E & G-J
Enterotoxins
35
Infections associated with *Staphylococcus haemolyticus*
UTIs Native valve infections
36
aka Pyrogenic toxin
Toxic Shock Syndom Toxin (TSST-1)
37
Principle of DNA hydrolysis test
Ablity to hydrolyze DNA based on the production of deoxyribonucleus
38
Functions with PVL
Gamma hemolysin
39
Other term for Beta hemolysin
Sphingomyelinase C or hot-cold lysin
40
Positive and Negative result for bacitracin test
Presence of ZOI (S) No ZOI (R)
41
Associated with sever cutaneous infections and necrotizing pneumonia
Leukocidin
42
Infections associated with *Staphylococcus epidermidis*
Health care-acquired infections (HAIs) Wound Septicemia
43
VF that blocks phagocytosis
Protein A
44
VF that activates compliment IL-1, chemotactic to PMNs resulting to tissue damage
Peptidoglycan
45
Organisms that exhibit ZOI in novobiocin
*S. epidermidis* *S. captis* *S. haemolyticus* *S. hominis subsp. hominis* *S. lugdunensis* *S. saccharolyticus* *S. warneri*
46
this is Panton-Valentine Leukocidin
Leukocidin
47
Positive and negative result in VP test
Red color Yellow color
48
Principle of Microdase test
Oxidase reacts with the oxidase reagent and cytochrom giving blue clored compound indophenol after 2 mins
49
Catalase negative *Staphylococcus* spp.
*Staphylococcus saccharolyticus* and *Staphylococcus aureus* subsp. *anaerobious*
50
What group causes Staphylococcal food poisoning?
A-E
51
Infections associated with *Staphylococcus saprophyticus*
UTI after *Escherichia coli* (<10,000CFU/mL)
52
Considered as superantigen
Enterotoxins
53
Principle of PYR test
Differentiate *S. aureus* from other CoNS wih the presence of pyrroglutamylaminopeptidase
54
Most common in infants less than 5 year old
Exfoliative Toxin
55
Micrococci's reactions to differentiation tests | OGluFuGlyBaLysoLytaCa
PNPNSSRR
56
Microdase (+) *Staphylococcus* spp.
*Staphylococcus scuri, lentus, vitulis, Macrococcus caseolyticus*
57
+/- result in OF is associated with what organism?
*Micrococcus* spp.
58
Extracellular protein that affects RB hemolysin and WBC leukocidin
Cytolytic Toxin/Cytotoxin
59
Two types of TSS
Menstruation and non-menstruation associated | 15.25 y/o using tampons Surgical infections
60
Types of MRSA
CA-MRSA HA-MRSA HACO-MRSA
61
Staphylococci's reactions in the differentiation tests | OGluFuGlyBaLysoLytaCa
NPNPRRSS
62
Principle of coagulase test
Differentiation of *Staphylococcus aureus* from CoNS by detecting enzyme coagulase
63
Resistance to clindamycin
Macrolide Resistance | Modified double disk diffusion test
64
VF that promotes clot formation
Coagulase
65
What does VP mean in VP test
Vogue-Proskauer
66
Two types of SSS
Localized and Generalized | Pemphigus neonatorum Ritter's Disease
67
Spreading factor
Hyaluronidase
68
Principle of Novobiocin Susceptibility test
The effect of 50ug novobocin disk on an organism
69
Helps to confirm *Staphylococcus aureus*
Coagulase enzyme
70
Aerotolerance of *Micrococcus* spp.
Obligate aerobe | Except *M. kristinae & M. varians* (FAn)
71
What is the color of the medium in DNA hydrolysis test? Why so?
pale green due to the presence of DNA-methyl green complex
72
If an organism can ferment without the presence of oxygen, it is called?
Fermenter
73
Color of *S. aureus* and *S. sarpophyticus* in CHROMagar Staph aureus
Mauve color Turquoise blue
74
Principle of bacitracin test
Effect of bacitracin (0.04U on an organism
75
Obligate anaerobe *Staphylococcus* spp.
*Staphylococcus aureus* sub. *anaerobius* and *Staphylococcus saccharolyticus*
76
Type of coagulase that is bound to the bacterial cell wall and reacts directly with fibrinogen in plasma
Bound coagulase/Clumping factor
77
Enzyme that is produced by coagulase (+) staphylococcus and CoNS
Lipase | also act on lipids in skin and sebateous gland secretions
78
aka Epidermolytic toxin
Exfoliative Toxin
79
mecA gene of *Staphylococcus lugdunensis*
For Oxacillin
80
Enzyme that Hydrolyses hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronidase
81
Normal flora of *Staphylococcus* spp. and *Micrococcus* spp.
Skin and mucous membrane (Staph) Skin (*Micro, Kocuria, Kytococcus*)
82
Principle of O/F reaction test
Determine whether an organism used carbohydrates substrates to produce acid by products using OF glucose medium
83
Color of *S. aureus, S. saprophyticus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus* spp. in MSA
Yellow Yellow Red No growth
84
4 types of Hemolysin
Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma ## Footnote Lyses RBCs, Plts, macrophages Sphingomyelinase C or hot-cold lysin Less toxin thatn alpha or beta Functions with Panton-Valentine Leukocidin
85
Positive and Negative result for Coagulase test
Clot formatioon (*S. aureus*) No clot (CoNS)
86
Enzyme that cleaves the ring structure of penicillins and derivative antibiotic making them ineffective
β-Lactamase
87
Infections associated with *Staphylococcus lugdunensis*
Endocarditis Catheter-related bacteremia and endocarditis
88
Principle of Catalase
breakdown of hydorgen peroxide (30% H2O2 into oxygen and water
89
Aerotolorance of *Staphylococcus* spp.
Facultative anaerobe and Obligate aerobe | Except *S. aureus* sub. *anaerobius & saccharolytica* (OAn)
90
VF that is found in cell wall
Protein A
91
Less toxin than a or b hemolysin | Organisms associated with it
Delta hemolysin | *S. epidermidis* *S. haemolyticus*
92
Bind to Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) decreasing immune clearance
Protein A
93
Rarely imply infections organisms
*Micrococcus* spp. *Kocuria* spp. *Kytococcus* spp.
94
Microdase (+) organisms
*Micrococcus* spp. *Macrococcus* spp. *Kocuria* spp.
95
This is useful for heavily contaminated spx
PEA & Columbia CAN | Selective for Gram (+)
96
Ideal specimen collection for *Staphylococcus aureus*
Secretion aspirates, tissue sample or blood culture
97
VF than ehances adherence to host surfaces and antibiotic resistance
Biofilm | *Staphylococcus epidermidis*
98
Negative result for catalase? What possible organisms would be it?
No bubble formation Strep and Entero spp.
99
mecA gene of *Staphylococcus aureus*
For Methicillin
100
Positive result for catalase? What possible organisms would be it?
Bubble formation Staph and Micro spp.
101
Enzyme that degrades proteins
Protease | Also contributes to tissue distruction and infection spread
102
Positive and negative result in PYR test
Bright Red (*S. aureus*) No color change (CoNS)
103
If an organism ferment with the presence of oxygen, it is called?
Oxidizer
104
Exotoxin lethal to PMN
Leukocidin
105
Previously known as Enterotoxin F
TSST-1
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