AUBF > MICROSCOPIC > Flashcards

MICROSCOPIC Flashcards

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1
Q

USED TO MONITOR DIAGNOSED CASES OF RENAL DISEASE

A

HEMOCYTOMETER

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2
Q

PREPARATION OF URINE SEDIMENT

SPECIMEN:
VOLUME OF URINE:
CENTRIFUGE FOR:
VOLUME LEFT AFTER DECANTATION:
PLACE VOLUME OF CENTRIFUGED URINE IN SLIDE:

A

FRESHLY VOIDED URINE & MIDSTREAM CLEAN- CATCH SPECIMEN

10-15mL (Ave.12mL)

5 MINS @ 400 RCF

0.5-1.5mL

20uL

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3
Q

EXAMINATION OF URINE SEDIMENT

OBSERVE MINIMUM FIELD:

DETECTS CAST AND ASCERTAIN GENERAL COMPOSITION OF SEDIMENT

FOR IDENTIFICATION AND CASTS HAVE TENDENCY TO LOCATE NEAR THE EDGE OF COVER SLIP

A

10 FIELDS FOR BOTH LPF & HPF

LPF (10x)

HPF (40x)

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4
Q

REPORTING FOR CASTS:

REPORTING FOR RBC & WBC:

REPORTING FOR EPITHELIAL CELLS, CRYSTALS & OTHER ELEMENTS:

A

LPF ; 10 FIELDS

HPF

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE TERMS ; RARE-FEW-MODERATE-MANY OR 1+,2+,3+,4+

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5
Q

MANNER OF REPORTING FOR OCCASIONAL:

MANNER OF REPORTING FOR FEW:

MANNER OF REPORTING FOR SOME:

MANNER OF REPORTING FOR MODERATE:

MANNER OF REPORTING FOR MANY:

TNTC:!

A

0-1,0-3/HPF PER 10 FIELDS

0-4,2-5/HPF PER 10 FIELDS

3-5,8-10/HPF PER 10 FIELDS

MORE THAN 10/HPF PER 10 FIELDS

ABUNDANT/HPF

TOO NUMEROUS TO COUNT (LOADED)

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6
Q

DELINEATES STRUCTURE AND CONTRASTING COLORS OF NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM

IDENTIFIES WBC, EPITHELIAL CELLS & CASTS

A

STERNHEIMER MALBIN (CRYSTAL VIOLET & SAFRANIN O)

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7
Q

ENCHANCES NUCLEAR DETAIL

DIFFERENTIATES WBC AND RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS (RTE)

A

TOLUIDINE BLUE (METACHROMATIC STAIN)

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8
Q

LYSES RBC AND ENCHANCES NUCLEI OF WBC

DISTINGUISHES RBC FROM WBC, YEAST, OIL DROPLETS AND CRYSTALS

A

2% ACETIC ACID

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9
Q

STAINS TRIGLYCERIDES AND NEUTRAL FATS ORANGE-RED

IDENTIFIES FREE FAT DROPLETS AND LIPID CONTAINING CELLS AND CASTS

A

LIPID STAINS: OIL RED O AND SUDAN III

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10
Q

DIFFERENTIATE GRAM POS AND NEG BACTERIA

IDENTIFIES BACTERIAL CASTS

A

GRAM STAIN

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11
Q

METHYLENE BLUE, EOSIN Y STAINS AND EOSINOPHILIC GRANULES

IDENTIFIES URINARY EOSINOPHIS

A

HANSEL STAINS

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12
Q

STAINS STRUCTURES CONTAINING IRON

IDENTIFIES YELLOW-BROWN GRANULES OF HEMOSIDERIN IN CELLS AND CASTS

A

PRUSSIAN BLUE STAIN

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13
Q

STAIN REACTION OF RBC:

HYALINE CASTS

COARSE GRANULAR INCLUSION CASTS:

FINELY GRANULAR INCLUSION CASTS:

WAXY CASTS:

FAT INCLUSION CASTS:

RED INCLUSION CASTS:

BLOOD CASTS:

A

NEUTRAL TO PINK TO PURPLE
ACID: PINK
ALKALINE: PURPLE

PALE PINK OR PALE PURPLE ; SLIGHTLY DARKER THAN MUCOUS THREADS.

DARK PURPLE GRANULES IN PURPLE MATRIC

FINE DARK PURPLE GRANULES IN PALE PINK OR PALE PURPLE MATRIX

PALE PINK OR PALE PURPLE: DARKER THAN HYALINE CASTS AND DISTINCT BROKEN ENDS

FAT GLOBULES UNSTAINED IN PINK MATRIX; RARE AND UNDER POLARIZED LIGHT

PINK TO ORANGE RED; INTACT CELLS CAN BE SEEN IN MATRIX

ORANGE-RED; NO INTACT CELLS

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14
Q

CYTODIAGNOSTIC URINE TESTING

PREPARATION OF PERMANENT SLIDES USING______

STAINING WITH_____

DETECTION OF ______IN LOVWER URINARY TRACT

SPECIMEN:

A

CYTOCENTRIFUGATION

PAPANICOLAOU STAIN

MALIGNANCIES

FIRST MORNING SPECIMEN

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15
Q

MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES

USED FOR ROUTINE URINALYSIS:

ENCHANCES VISUALIZATION OF ELEMENTS WITH LOW REFRACTIVE INDICES SUCH AS HYALINE, MIXED CELLULAR, MUCOUS AND TRICHOMONAS:

IDENTIFICATION OF CHOLESTEROL IN OVAL FAT BODIES,FATTY ACIDS SMD CRYSTALS:

IDENTIFICATION OF TREPONEMA PALLIDUM:

ALLOW VISUALIZATION OF NATURALLY FLUOROSCENT DYE:

PRODUCES A THREE DIMENSIONAL MICROSCOPY IMAGE AND LAYER BY LAYER IMAGING OF SPECIMEN:

A

BRIGHT-FIELD MICROSCOPY

PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY

POLARIZING MICROSCOPY

DARK-FIELD MICROSCOPY

FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY

INTERFERENCE-CONTRAST

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16
Q

RBC

APPEARANCE:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
REPORTING:
COMPLETE URINALYSIS:

A

-NON-NUCLEATED BICONCAVE DISKS
-CRENATED IN HYPERTONIC URINE
-GHOST CELLS IN HYPOTONIC/HYPOSTHENURIC URINE
-DYSMORPHIC WITH GROMERULAR MEMRANE DAMAGE

YEAST CELLS
OIL DROPLETS
AIR BUBBLE

AVE NO. PER 10 HPF

COLOR
REAGENT STRIP

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17
Q

WBC

APPEARANCE:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
REPORTING:
COMPLETE URINALYSIS

A

-LARGER THAN RBC
-GRANULATED & MULTILOBED NEUTROPHILS
-GLITTER CELLS IN HYPOTONIC URINE
-MONONUCLEAR CELLS WITH ABUNDANT CYTOPLASM

RTE CELLS

AVE NO. PER 10 HPF

LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE
NITIRITE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
pH

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18
Q

EPITHELIAL SQUAMOUS CELLS

APPEARANCE:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
REPORTING:
COMPLETE URINALYSIS

A

-LARGEST CELLS IN SEDIMENT WITH ABUNDANT, IRREG CYTOPLASM AND PROMINENT NUCLEI

RARELY ENCOUNTERED & FOLDED CELLS MAY RESEMBLE CASTS

RARE, FEW, MOD, MANY PER LPF

CLARITY

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19
Q

EPITHELIAL TRANSITIONAL/UROTHELIAL CELLS

APPEARANCE:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
REPORTING:
COMPLETE URINALYSIS

A

SPHERICAL, POLYHEDRAL, CAUDATE WITH CENTRALLY LOCATED NUCLEUS

SPHERICAL FORMS RESEMBLE RTE CELLS

RARE,FEW, MOD, MANY PER HPF

CLARITY
BLOOD

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20
Q

EPITHELIAL RENAL TUBULAR CELLS

APPEARANCE:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
REPORTING:
COMPLETE URINALYSIS

A

RECTANGULAR, COLUMNAR, ROUND, OVAL OR CUBOIDAL WITH ECCENTRIC NUCLEUS & BILIRUBIN- STAINED OR HEMOSIDERIN-LADEN

SPHERICAL TRANSITIONAL CELLS GRANULAR CASTS

AVE NO. PER 10 HPF

LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE
NITRITE
COLOR
CLARITY
PROTEIN
BLOOD
BILIRUBIN

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21
Q

OVAL FAT BODIES

APPEARANCE:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
REPORTING:
COMPLETE URINALYSIS

A

HIGHLY REFRACTILE RTE CELLS

CONFRIM WITH FAT STAINS AND POLARIZED MICROSCOPY

AVE NO. PER HPF

CLARITY
BLOOD
PROTEIN
FREE FAT DROPLET/ FATTY CASTS

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22
Q

BACTERIA

APPEARANCE:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
REPORTING:
COMPLETE URINALYSIS

A

SMALL SPHERICAL & ROD SHAPED STRUCTURES

AMORPHOUS URATES & PHOSPHATES

FEW, MOD, MANY PER HPF

pH
NITRITE
LE
WBC

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23
Q

YEAST

APPEARANCE:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
REPORTING:
COMPLETE URINALYSIS

A

SMALL, OVAL, REFRACTILE STRUCTURE WITH BUDS OR MYCELIA

RBC

RARE, FEW, MOD OR MANY PER HPF

GLUCOSE
LE
WBC

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24
Q

PARASITES (TRICHOMONAS)

APPEARANCE:
SOURCES OF ERROR:
REPORTING:
COMPLETE URINALYSIS

A

PEAR SHAPED M, MOTILE & FLAGELLATED

WBC
RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS

RARE, FEW, MOD OR MANY PER HPF

LE
WBC

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25
SPERMATOZOA APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS
TAPERED OVAL HEAD WITH LONG THIN TAIL NONE BASED ON LAB PROTOCOL PROTEIN
26
MUCUS APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS
SINGLE OR CLUMPED THREADS WITH LOW REFRACTIVE INDEX HYALINE CASTS RARE, FEW, MOD OR MANY PER LPF NONE
27
URINE CASTS UNIQUE TO____ FORMED WITHIN THE LUMEN OF ___&____ PROBIDES MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF CONDITION WITHIN NEPHRON REPORTING:
KIDNEY DCT & CD AVE NO. /10 lpf
28
GLYCOPROTEIN EXCRETED BY THE RTE CELLS TO CDT AND UPPER COLLECTING DUCTS
TAMM-HORSFALL PROTEIN
29
PRESENCE OF URINARY CASTS
CYLINDURIA
30
HYALINE CASTS APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
COLORLESS HOMOGENOUS MATRIX MUCUS FIBERS HAIR INCREASED LIGHTNING AVE NO. PER LPF PROTEIN COLOR BLOOD GLOMERULONEPHRITIS PYELONEPHRITIS CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE STRESS AND EXERCISE
31
RBC CASTS APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
ORANGE-RED COLOR, CAST MATRIX CONTAINING RBC RBC CLUMPS AVE NO. PER LPF RBC BLOOD PROTEIN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS STRENOUS EXERCISE
32
WBC CASTS APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
CAST MATRIX CONTAINING WBC WBC CLUMPS AVE NO. PER LPF WBC PROTEIN LE PYELONEPHRITIS ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
33
BACTERIAL CASTS APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
BACILLI BOUND TO PROTEIN MATRIX GRANULAR CASTS AVE NO. PER LPF WBC CAST LE PROTEIN WBC NITRITE BACTERIA PYELONEPHRITIS
34
EPITHELIAL CELL CASTS APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
RTE CELLS ATTACHED TO PROTEIN MATRIX WBC CAST AVE NO. PER LPF PROTEIN RTE CELLS RENAL TUBULAR DAMAGE
35
FATTY CASTS APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
FAT DROPLETS AND OVAL FAT BODIES ATTACHED TO PROTEIN MATRIX FECAL DEBRIS AVE NO. PER LPF PROTEIN FREE FAT DROPLETS OVAL FAT BODIES NEPHROTIC SYNDROME TOXIC TUBULAR NECROSIS DM CRUSH INJURIES
36
GRANULAR CASTS APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
COARSE AND FINE GRANULES IN CAST MATRIX CLUMPS OF SMALL CRYSTAL COLUMNAR RTE CELLS AVE NO. PER LPF PROTEIN CELLULAR CASTS RBC & WBC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS PYELONEPHRITIS STRESS AND EXERCISE
37
WAXY CAST APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
HIGHLY REFRACTILE CAST WITH JAGGED ENDS AND NOTCHES FIBERS FECAL MATERIAL AVE NO. PER LPF PROTEIN CELLULAR CASTS GRANULAR CASTS RBC & WBC STASIS OF URINE FLOW CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
38
BROAD CASTS APPEARANCE: SOURCES OF ERROR: REPORTING: COMPLETE URINALYSIS: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
WIDER THAN NORMAL CAST MATRIX FECAL MATERIAL FIBERS AVE NO. PER LP PROTEIN RBC & WBC GRANULAR CASTS WAXY CASTS EXTREME URINE STASIS RENAL FAILURE
39
DETECT PRESENCE OF RELATIVELY FEW ABNORMAL TYPES
URINE CRYSTALS
40
URINE CRYSTALS REPORTING NORMAL: ABNORMAL CRYSTAL:
RARE, FEW, MOD OR MANY PER HPF AVE NO. PER LPF
41
YELLOW-BROWN COLOR RHOMBIC OR 4-SIDED OR ROSETTE SHAPE SOLUBLE IN ALKALI
URIC ACID
42
BRICK DUST OR YELLOW BROWN GRANULES SOLUBLE IN ALKALI AND HEAT
AMORPHOUS URATES
43
COLORLESS ENVELOPES, OVAL, DUMBELL, OCTAHEDRAL SHAPE SOLUBLE IN DILUTE HCl
CALCIUM OXALATE
44
WHITE- COLORLESS GRANULAR OR WHITE PRECIPITATE SOLUBLE IN DILUTE ACETIC ACID
AMORPHOUS PHOSPHATES
45
COLORLESS FLAT RECTANGULAR PLATES OR THIN PRISMS IN ROSETTE FORMATIONS SOLUBLE IN DILUTE ACETIC ACID
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
46
COLORLESS PRISM SHAPE OR COFFIN LIDS SOLUBLE IN DILUTE ACETIC ACID
TRIPLE PHOSPHATE
47
YELLOW-BROWN SPICULE-COVERD SPHERES OR THORNY APPLES SOLUBLE IN ACETIC ACID WITH HEAT
AMMONIUM BIURATE
48
COLORLESS DUMBELLS OR SPHERICAL SOLUBLE IN GAS FROM ACETIC ACID
CALCIUM CARBONATE
49
COLORLESS HEXAGONAL PLATES USES CYANIDE-NITROPRUSSIDE TEST SOLUBLE IN AMMONIA & DILUTE HCl
CYSTINE
50
COLORLESS NOTCHED PLATES SEEN IN REFRIGERATED SPECIMEN SEEN IN NEPHROTIC SYNDROME SOLUBLE IN CHLOROFORM
CHOLESTEROL
51
YELLOW CLUMPED NEEDLES OR GRANULES PRESENT IN HEPATIC DISORDERS POSITIVE FOR BILIRUBUN SOLUBLE IN ACETIC ACID HCl NaOH ETHER CHLOROFORM
BILIRUBIN
52
COLORLESS CHOLESTEROL CRYSTAL LIKE HIGH SPEFIC GRAVITY SOLUBLE IN 10% NaOH
RADIOGRAPHIC DYE
53
YELLOW-BROWN SPHERES, CONCENTRIC CIRCLES AND RADIAL STRIATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER DISORDERS ACCOMPANIED BY TYROSINE CRYSTAL SOLUBLE IN HOT ALKALI OR ALCOHOL
LEUCINE
54
COLORLESS-YELLOW FINE NEEDLE CLUMP OR ROSETTE FORM SEEN IN CONJUNCTION POSITIVE FOR BILIRUBIN INHERITED DISORDERS OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM SOLUBLE IN ALKALI OR HEAT
TYROSINE
55
COLORLESS TO YELLOW-BROWN NEEDLES, RHOMBICS, WHETSTONES, SHEAVES OF WHEAT AND ROSETTE SEEN IN PATIENT HYDRATION POSSIBILITY OF TUBULAR DAMAGE SOLUBE IN ACETONE
SULFONAMIDES
56
COLORLESS NEEDLES FROM BUNDLES FOLLOWING REFRIGERSTION SEEN IN MASSIVE DOSES OF PENICILLIN SOLUBLE IN REFRIGERATION FORMS BUNDLES
AMPICILLIN
57
Resemble fat droplets when polarized Has dimple center From corn starch used as glove powder Highly refractile sphere
Starch granule
58
From OIO contamination Highly refractile and may resemble RBC
Oil droplets
59
Occur when specimen is placed under a coverslip
Air bubbles
60
Concentric circles Spheres with a cell wall and occasional concentric circles
Pollen grains
61
From clothing and diapers Mistaken for casts Longer and more refractile
Hair and fibers
62
Variety of sizes and shapes Presents of fistula between intestinal and urinary tracts Appear as plant and meat fibers or as brown amorphous material
Fecal artifacts
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