Microscopy

Question 1

Fungal Stains?

Answer 1

1. Lactophenol cotton blue
   - Histoplasma
2. GMS
   - Aspergillus
   - Pneumocystis carinii
   - blastomyces dermatitidis
3. PAS
   - aspergillus in lung
4. Mucin
   - cryptococcus in lung

Question 2

What do you use Warthin-Starry?

Answer 2

spirochets-cat scratch disease

Question 3

What stains do you use for parasite?

Answer 3

1. wright’s giemsa
   -malaria
   -trypanosomes
2. wet mounts
   giardia
3. trichrome
   -giardia
4. modified acid fast
   -nocardia

Question 4

What does auramine rhodamine stain for?

Answer 4

mycobacteria

Question 5

What does calcofluor white stain for?

Answer 5

fungi

Question 6

What does fluorescein conjugated antibodies?

Answer 6

viruses, bordetella, legionella, pneumocystis

Question 7

darkfield

Answer 7

must be alive

-spirochetes

Question 8

electron microscopy

Answer 8

-viruses microsporum

Question 9

Grain Stain Procedure

Answer 9

1. cells on the slide
2. primary stain
   - crystal violet
3. mordant
   - grams iodine
4. decolorize
   - alcohol or acetone
5. counterstain
   - safranin

Question 10

What is the clinical utility of a gram stain?

Answer 10

1. direct examination of clinical material to make an initial diagnosis
2. determine the quality of the specimen
3. suggest an unusual organism or provide early presumptive bacterial identification
4. verify the clinical relevance of the culture

Question 11

Best specimens for performing direct exam?

Answer 11

1. strep
   - diplococci, positive
2. gonorrhea
   - gram negative, intracellular
3. meningitis
   - flat adjacent side-gram negative
4. cryptococcus in CSF
5. candida
6. bacterial vaginosis

Question 12

What does acid fast stain?

Answer 12

mycobacteria
nocardia-bacteria
cryptosporidia-parasite
cyclospora-parasite