What is basic psychology
Testing fundamental ideas without concern for practicality or utility
ie.
- > research
- > teaching/consulting
- > in the lab
What is applied psychology
Generating solutions to immediate problems
- > usually using basic research ideas and applying them
Clinical vs Educational Psychologist
- > a CP has a psych background and dabbles with athletes
- > a EP has kin background and works with athletes to enhance or teach mental skills
What is the ethical responsibility of a sports psychologist
To not make the athlete feel worse/make them fail; must help athlete or at the very least DO NO HARM
Explain the sports psychologists code of conduct
- > Confidence (can do their job)
- > Competence (meet the requirements of their job)
- > Integrity (do what you say you’re going to do)
- > To avoid inappropriate relationships
- > Confidentiality
Which type of research follows the scientific method?
Basic research
Name all 5 steps of the scientific method
- > Identify the problem
- > Generate hypothesis
- > Collect data
- > Analyze data
- > Develop conclusion
What are the three main ways to acquire knowledge?
- > Tradition
- > Logic
- > Authority
How do we acquire knowledge through authority
Someone in power may say untrue facts but people believe them because of their position
ie. Donald Trump doesn’t believe in climate change - > his followers think its fake
How do we acquire knowledge through tradition
When we do something a certain way because that’s just the way things are
ie. get your elbows off the table……why? who decided this was bad?
How do we acquire knowledge through logic
We actually figure things out; use the scientific method and prove our conclusions
When is violence must likely to occur in sports
- > when it’s the difference between winning and losing
- > when officiating/ rules are weak
- > when sanctions are weak (NHL: low penalty for fighting)
- > if coaches can’t control their players
- > if it’s view part of the game (punching someone on ice vs at sobey’s)
- > when they’re an audience or crowd/ peer pressure
- > when it’s for revenge/ retaliation
- > violent role models in the sport
Explain the social learning theory
- > built on the idea of reinforcement (reward) and modelling (copy)
- > argues that people are more likely to do something if they get a reward
- > if someone sees someone getting rewarded, they’ll copy their behavior
- > people will do anything to win; winning leads to nice things
Explain the Social exchange theory
- > individual will weigh advantages/ disadvantages before acting
(hockey team is winning with 1 minute left and other team hits goalie; do nothing, could lose them the game)
Explain the frustration/aggression hypothesis
- > frustration occurs when certain desires/ goals are hindered or stopped FRUSTRATION - > leads to - > AGGRESSION - > not always, but can lead to - > VIOLENCE
Explain the cathartic model of aggression
- > suggests that people have a certain built up/ predetermined amount of violence/rage
- > sport allows people to release pent-up violence
What is stress
it’s when people don’t have the ability/resources to deal/manage a certain situation
define stressors
a stressor can be events or environments that an individual would consider threatening, challenging or demanding
Stress is________
reactive
Factors that officials find stressful
- > Time pressure
- > fear of physical harm
- > interpersonal conflict (player vs ref)
- > peer conflict (ref vs ref)
- > fear of failure
- > role conflict problem (best refs don’t do their job/interfere)
What were the five personality domains used to test the personality traits of officials? Briefly explain each
Neuroticism - > emotional stability/instability
Extraversion - > engagement in the external world
Openness - > openness to experiences
Agreeableness- > reflects individuals concern for social harmony
Conscientiousness - > concerns the processes of planning and organizing; self discipline
