Embryo > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharyngeal arch names

A

1- mandible
2- hyoid
3
4
5
6

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2
Q

Which pharyngeal arch does not develop

A

5

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3
Q

Difference between a hare lip vs a cleft lip

A

A hare lip when the center doesn’t fuse. The issue is the 2 medial nasal processes

A cleft lip is more to the side and deals with an error with the medial nasal processes and the maxillary process not fusing

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4
Q

Functions of OEE

A

Protects the entire enamel organ
Later helps attach gingiva to the tooth (epithelial attachment)

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5
Q

OEE

A

Outer Enamel Opithelium (of the bell stage)

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6
Q

IEE

A

Inner enamel epithelium (bell stage)

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7
Q

Function of IEE

A

Enamel formation

Change internally to become ameloblasts. Ameloblasts are responsible for actual enamel formation

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8
Q

SR

A

Stellate Recticulum

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9
Q

foregut

A

throat to duodenum

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10
Q

Midgut

A
  • Small instestine
  • cecum
  • ascending and transverse colon
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11
Q

Hindgut

A
  • descending/ sigmoid colon
  • rectum
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12
Q

Microtubules

A
  • hollow ultrastructural filaments of cytoskeleton
  • they keep the structure of the cell
  • sometimes have flagella or cilia
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13
Q

microfilaments

A
  • solid filaments of the cytoskeleton
  • composed of actin
  • in all cells EXCEPT MATURE ERTHROCYTES
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14
Q

migration

A
  • how the lip connects during development
    -CT filling the area in
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15
Q

fusion

A
  • how the palate connects during development
  • breaks down epithelial tissues.
    bony structures
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16
Q

plasma

A
  • fluid medium of blood
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17
Q

erythrocytes

A
  • RBC’s
  • no nucleus when mature
  • bioconcave discs
  • iron containing hemoglobin that caries CO2/O2
  • ANEMIA is the inability to carry CO2/O2
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18
Q

leukocytes

A
  • WBC’s
  • consists of agranulocytes and granulocytes
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19
Q

platelets

A
  • clot blood by stacking together to begin blood clot formation
  • 5000-9000 platelets/ mm3 of blood
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20
Q

Granulocytes

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
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21
Q

neutrophils

A
  • first on scene/ first line of defense
  • most abundant
  • shows signs of inflammation:
  • redness, warmth swelling, pain
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22
Q

eosinophils

A
  • combat allergic and inflammatory reactions
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23
Q

basophils

A
  • contain/ release histamine
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24
Q

Agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

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25
Lymphocytes
- found in spleen lymphnodes, tonsils - produces plasma cells - PROVIDE IMMUNITY
26
monocytes
- become macrophages in acute inflammation - form osteoclasts which destroy bone (help manage pain with abscess)
27
skeletal muscle
- voluntary - striated - hundreds of nuclei per cell - Runs entire length of muscle - Made of myofibrils
28
sarcomere
functional unit of skeletal muscle
29
cardiac muscle
- involuntary - contain Purkinje's fibers (which act like nerves to help heart beat properly) - striated - 1-2 nuclei
30
smooth muscle
- involuntary - non-striated - in the digestive tract, blood vessels, lungs
31
Inner cell mass vs outer cell mass
inner: the embryo outer: supporting structures surrounding the embryo
32
Globulomaxillary cyst
- between primary and secondary palates (lateral and canine) - (6-7) (10-11)
33
Median palatine cyst
- located at the nasal septum/ secondary palate
34
Pharyngeal pouch #1 forms what?
- eustachian tube
35
Pharyngeal pouch #2 forms what?
- palatine tonsils
36
Pharyngeal pouch #3 and #4 forms what?
endocrine glands - parathyroid gland - thymus gland
37
Pharyngeal groove #1 forms what?
-external auditory meatus
38
What is the rathke’s pouch?
- the anterior portion of the pituitary gland
39
What is the foramen cecum?
- the future thyroid gland
40
What is the lingual thyroid
- Red lump on back of tongue - IF THYROID DIDN'T DEVELOP PROPERLY
41
What is the nasal fin?
- Where the maxillary process and medial nasal processes (migration point)
42
Features of muscles
Sarcomere: smallest functioning unit of muscle Made of: - myofibers: muscle cells, run the full length of the muscle - myofibrils: actin (thin) and myosin (thick) are part of myofibrils for muscle contraction
43
Features of the nerve
myelin sheath: make messages travel faster neurotransmitter: passes messages between our neurons - Epinephrine/ acetylcholine
44
Features of white blood cells (leukocytes)
*listed above*
45
Pinocytosis
- going INTO a cell. - pushes on a cell membrane - pinches off - NO cytoplasm loss
46
Merocrine secretion
- going OUT of a cell - golgi fuses w/ cell wall - ruptures @ fusion point - no cytoplasm loss
47
Features of erythrocytes
- no nucleus when mature - bioconcave discs - iron containing hemoglobin that caries CO2/O2
48
bilateral cleft lip/palate
- occurs on both sides
49
unilateral cleft lip/palate
- occurs on one side
50
SI
Statum Intermeidan
51
Function of the SR
Functions as a cushioned protection for IEE cells. Helps nourish stratum intermedium by allowing vascular fluids to move between loosely packed cells
52
Functions of SI
Produces proteins for ameloblasts/provides nourishment
53
Structures of mesoderm
Muscles of tongue Bone Cartilage Connective tissues Blood/Lymph vessels Squamous lining of abdomen Thorastic cavity DENTIN, PULP, CEMENTUM, PDL, ALEVOLAR BONE
54
Ectoderm structures
Sclera of eye Skin Sweat Salivary Sebaceous Central Nervous System ENAMEL, ANT. 2/3 of TONGUE, EPITHELIUM
55
Dates for buccopharyngeal membrane
4.5 weeks
56
When does tooth formation occur
Week 6
57
When is a baby considered an ovum
Weeks 0-2
58
When is a baby considered an embryo
3-8 weeks
59
How old does a baby have to be considered a fetus
9+
60
Lip formation happens at what weeks
3-6
61
At what weeks does the palate form
7-11 (Cleanse my palate with a drink at 7/11)
62
Stages of the enamel organ
Cap and bell
63
Cap stage
Has three components- Outer enamel epithelium Inner enamel epithelium Stellate reticulum
64
Bell stage
Begins when stratum intermedium forms. Concavity becomes more defined. Made of several layers of flattened squamous cells lying between the IEE and Stellate reticulum
65
Future of the stomodeum
Mouth
66
Future of the frontal prominence
Forehead
67
What are some signs of inflammation
Heat, pain, redness, and swelling
68
Cytoplasm
Fluid medium of cell
69
Nucleolus
Contains RNA, carry info from DNA to E.R.
70
Golgi
Package items made in E.R.
71
Lysosomes
Digest foreign materials. If it leaks it means death for the cell
72
Centriols
Aid in cell division
73
Cellular inclusions
Not produced in cell. Are stored in lipids and glycogen
74
Nucleus
Master control center
75
DNA
Holds genetic info found in chromosomes
76
Mitochondria
Power house of cell, metabolism, energy producer
77
If the mitochondria is injured…
The cell may die
78
Cristae
Inner foldings in cell which contain enzymes that aid in metabolism
79
ER
Endoplasmic reticulum- controlled by RNA and manufacture products like saliva
80
Rough ER
DNA granules that contain ribosomes produce proteins
81
Cell membrane
Keep cytoplasm in and foreign materials out
82
Dental Sac forms
Periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum
83
Dental papilla forms
The mesoderm
84
Enamel organ forms
Enamel
85
Dental lamina
Thicken oral epithelium.
86
Vestibular lamina
Thickening in a facial or buccal direction. As it thickens a clefting or splitting occurs. This is the future mucobuccal fold/ vestibule
87
Successional lamina
Lingual growth of the dental lamina that forms permanent everything EXCEPT MOLARS. Succedaneous tooth with a primary predecessor.
88
Maxillary process forms…
Lip and secondary palate- canines, premolars, molars, soft palate uvula
89
Medial nasal processes forms…
Lip and septum, and primary palate- Centrals, Laterals
90
Motor
Efferent- Gets the EFF out of my brain. Brain-> muscles
91
Sensory
Afferent nerves to the brain/ messages to the brain
92
What teeth do the primary palate form
7, 8, 9, 10
93
What teeth do the secondary palate form
Canines back
94
What makes bone hard
Hydroxyapatite
95
Bones form by
Intramembranous or Endochondral formation
96
Intramembranous
Bone cell forms bone
97
Endochondral foramation
Cartilage first, bone cells invade cartilage turning it to bone
98
How does the maxilla and mandible form
Intramembranous
99
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline, elastic, and fibro
100
What are the two ways that cartilage forms
Appositional growth- adding to its surface Interstitial growth- chondrocytes inside cartilage undergo cell division and enlargement
Embryo
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