1
Q
What are the 4 noun rules?
A
- Stems ending in alpha or beta are in the first declension, stems ending in omicron are in the second, and consonantal stems are the third.
- Every neuter word has the same form in nominative and accusative
- Almost all neuter words end in alpha in the nominative and accusative plural.
- In the dative singular, the iota subscripts if possible (because iota subscript can only occur under a vowel (in which case the vowel lengthens), it subscripts only n 1st and 2nd declension.
2
Q
Vowels do not change their length: True or False
A
False, vowels often change their length (‘ablaut’)
3
Q
Masculine and neuter will always be identical in which cases?
A
genitive and dative
4
Q
What are the Labial letters?
A
Pi, Beta, Phi
5
Q
What are the Velar letters?
A
Kappa, Gamma, Chi
5
Q
What are the Dental letters?
A
Tau, Delta, Theta
6
Q
Labial letter + sigma =
A
Psi
7
Q
Velar letters + sigma =
A
Xi
8
Q
Dental letters + sigma =
A
sigma
9
Q
A __ cannot stand and the end of a word and will drop off.
A
Tau
10
Q
What is a noun?
A
“A noun is a word that stands for someone or something.”
11
Q
What is a case?
A
The form of a noun (adjective etc) that helps one determine its function in the sentence. Together with context, case indicates a noun’s (adj etc) job description
12
Q
Nouns are placed in the nominative case if they:
A
-function as the subject of a verb;
-function as the predicate nominative;
-stand in apposition to another noun in the nominative case
13
Q
What does the genitive case do?
A
indicates possession
14
Q
What is the keyword of the genitive case?
A
of
15
Q
Nouns in the Gen case can:
A
-show possession
-be the object of a prep
-stand in apposition to another noun in the Gen case
16
Q
What is the main function of the dative case?
A
for the indirect object. Used to indicate the person or thing ‘to or for whom’ the action of the verb is accomplished.
17
Q
What are the keywords for the dative case?
A
To, in, with (with to being the most common)
18
Q
What are the secondary functions of the dative case:
A
-be the object of a preposition
-stand in apposition to another noun in the dative case;
function as the direct object of the verb (πιστεύω can take an object in dative or accusative)
19
Q
What does the accusative case do?
A
A noun is placed in the accusative case if it functions as the direct object of their verb.
20
Q
What are the secondary uses of accusative case?
A
-be the object of a prep
-stand in apposition to another noun in accusative case
21
Q
What is the definition of an adjective?
A
A word that modifies a noun or pronoun (or another adjective)
22
Q
What is an attributive noun?
A
typical use of adjective. used to highlights an attribute of the substantive or the adjective it modifies.
23
Q
What is the law of Concord in adjectives?
A
Attributive adjectives agree with the substantives they modify in gender, number, and case.
24
What is a substantival adjective
The adjective takes the place of a noun
25
Can a substantival adjective have any functions that a noun has and its case will be determined by function in the sentence.
Yes
26
True or False. Substantival adjectives gender and number are determined by what it stands for.
True
27
Which gender is used generically?
masculine "the good ones"
28
When an adjective functions as a predicate, what does it do?
Does not modify another word but rather asserts- predicates- something about the object
29
What does Adjectival Intensive mean?
“αὐτός can also function intensively when it is used adjectivally. In this case αὐτός normally modifies another word and is usually
in the predicate position. Translate αὐτός with the reflexive pronoun (himself,
herself, itself, themselves, etc.)”
30
What is an Identical Adjective?
“αὐτός is sometimes used as the identical adjective meaning ‘same.’ It is normally in the attributive position when used this way, but not always. Its case, number, and gender are determined by the word it modifies, as is the case with any adjective”
31
How can you tell if an adjective is Attributive?
if there is a noun to modify, then the adjective is attributive”
32
If an adjective is immedietly preceded by an article what kind of adjective is it?
Attributive
33
What is the first attributive position?
ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος
article-adjective-man
34
What is the second attributive position?
ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ ἀγαθός
article-noun-article-adjective
35
How does one recognize a substantival adjective?
“[I]f there is no noun for the adjective to modify, then it is
probably functioning substantivally”
- ὁ ἀγαθός
-τὴν ἀγαθήν
36
How does one recognize a Predicate noun?
“If the noun is articular but the adjective is anarthrous (ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀγαθός), then the adjective is functioning as a predicate
adjective. In this case you will supply the verb ‘is’ to show the ‘predicating’ nature of the adjective”
37
What do you do if the article is absent?
If there is no article before either the noun or the adjective, context becomes the guide to translation. You must decide whether the adjective is giving an attribute to a noun or is asserting something about the verb. . . . It is possible for an anarthrous adjective to function substantivally, but it is unusual
38
What is a pronoun?
a word that replaces a noun. a personal pronoun is pronoun that replaces a noun referring to a person... the word that a pronoun refers back to... is antecedent.
39
How is the case of a pronoun determined?
By its function. Its gender and number are determined by its antecedent
40
What are the seven vowels?
α ε η ι ο υ ω
(alpha, epsilon, eta, iota, omicron, upsilon, Omega)
41
What is a gamma nasal?
A gamma pronounced like and 'n'
Occurs when it precedes the following letters: γ ,a κ, χ, or ξ.
42
What is a diphthong?
Consists of two vowels that produce one sound. The second letter is always iota or upsilon
43
What are the 8 diphthongs?
αι ει οι αυ ου υι ευ ηυ
44
What is an improper diphthong?
made up of a vowel and an iota subscript. The iota subscript makes no difference to pronunciation but is significant for translation.
45
What is a breathing mark?
accompany all words that begin with a vowel (and are placed over the
second of the two letters that form a diphthong)
46
What is a rough breathing mark and when is it used?
A rough ( ̔) breathing mark makes a ‘h’ sound; all words beginning with ρ or υ
take a rough breathing mark. But not pronounced on rho
47
What is a smooth breathing park and when does it occur>
A smooth ( ̓) breathing mark is silent and occurs when a word begins with a vowel?
48
What is a diaeresis?
A diaeresis ( ̈) stands over the second of two vowels that normally form a diphthong but
in this case do not and reminds the reader that the two vowels are pronounced separately.
49
What is an apostrophe/elision
Often in Greek, when a preposition ends in a vowel and the following word begins in a vowel (e.g., ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπων) the vowel at the end of the preposition drops off (is elided) and its place is marked by an apostrophe (e.g., ἀπ ̓ ἀνθρώπων). This process is called elision (because the vowel is elided).
50
What are the three types of accents
acute [ ´], grave [ `], and circumflex [ ~]
51
What is an acute accents?
An acute accent ( ´) can stand on any of the last three syllables. and signified the voice rising.
52
What is a circumflex accents?
A circumflex accent ( ͂) can stand either of the last two syllables but only over
a long vowel. signified a rise then fall in pitch
53
What is a grave accent?
A grave accent ( `) can only stand on the last syllable and only when the word
is not followed immediately by punctuation. A word with a grave accent
normally has an acute accent on the last syllable but it changes to grave when it
is followed immediately by another word (without any punctuation mark
separating them). pitch falls.
54
What is the rule for accents on nouns and verbs?
Accents on nouns try to stay on the same syllable (consistent accent), but
accents on verbs try to move as far as possible toward the beginning of the
word (recessive accent)
55
What is inflection
Changes in the form of a word, depending upon its meaning (e.g., man; men) or its function in the sentence (e.g., she; her).
56
What is a post positive word?
A postpositive is a word that cannot be the first word in a sentence or
clause, even though in your translation it is the first word. It usually is the second word and sometimes the third” Δέ is a postpositive.
57
What is the subject of a sentence?
The person or thing that performs the action to which the verb refers.
58
What is the direct object of a sentence?
The person or thing that receives the action to which the verb refers or, ‘that is directly affected by the action of the verb’.
59
What is the indirect object of a sentence?
[T]he person/thing that is ‘indirectly’ affected by the action of the
verb”
60
What is the number of a word?
Words can be either singular or plural, depending upon whether they refer to
one, or more than one” As in English, inflections allow readers and
hearers to distinguish between singular and plural noun forms.
61
What is the gender of a word?
Greek has three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter and there are different forms (inflections) for each gender. In general pronouns have the gender that we would expect: he is masculine; she is feminine; and it is neuter. But nouns do not follow this pattern consistently: rock is feminine and stone is masculine.
62
What is the lexical form?
The form in which a dictionary lists a word. (nom. sing)
63
What is an indefinite article?
There is no indefinite article in Greek, but that does not mean that a noun is never indefinite in Greek. As such, we will often have to include an English indefinite article in our translation.
64
What is a definite article?
The definite article (the) makes a noun (or other substantive) definite. In
Greek, there are masculine, feminine, and neuter forms of the definite article.
65
What is the predicate nominative?
Whereas direct objects refer to someone (or thing) other than the subject and receive the action of the verb, predicate nominatives (whether nouns or
adjectives) complete a linking (equative) verb by referring back to the subject. E.g., The water is cold.
66
What is declension?
Basic patterns of inflection in which a group of nouns, adjectives, etc., appears. The word sometimes describes the various forms in which any noun (adjective, or pronoun) appears and sometimes the pattern of inflections that characterizes an entire group of nouns. (It can also describe the act of declining a particular word.)
67
What is the Law of Concord?
The article always agrees with the noun that it modifies in gender, number, and case.
68
The use of the article with names
Although Greek often uses an article before a proper name, your
English translation can omit the article
69
The use of the article with abstract nouns
In Greek abstract nouns will often have
articles that will go untranslated in English This, however, does not mean that the presence of the article in these cases will have no significance in exegesis.
70
How would you translate ὁ δέ:
ὁ δέ: “When you find the phrase ὁ δέ, the article is usually functioning as a
personal pronoun, [and may be translated] ‘but he’”
71
The use of the article with a prepositional phrase?
“Sometimes you will find the article before a prepositional phrase. . . . The article is showing you that the following
prepositional phrase is in attributive relationship to [the substantive]”
72
How do you translate a prep phrase with an article before it?
Usually you will translate the prepositional phrase with a ‘relative
clause’. “The article will be in the same case, number, and gender as the noun.
This way you can tell what word the prepositional phrase modifies”
73
What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word that shows how a noun or a pronoun is related to
some other word in the sentence
74
In Greek, the meaning of a
preposition depends upon ...
the case of its object. For example, the prepositions διά means ‘through’ if its object is in the genitive, but ‘on account of’ if its object is in the accusative.
75
True or False The object almost always follows the preposition.
True
76
What is the objective of a preposition?
The object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun that completes a prepositional phrase. A preposition must always have an object
77
When does a movable Nu occur?
A movable nu is a nu occurring at the end of a word that ends with a vowel
when that word is followed by a word beginning with a vowel (e.g., εἰσὶν
αὐτοί)
78
Sometimes in Koine Greek, the movable nu is used even when the following
word begins with a consonant, especially in __________
the dative plural
79
What is a dependent/subordinate clause?
A dependent clause is a collection of words
that cannot stand alone
80
Greek
flashcards
Decks in class (24)
# Cards
-
Alphabet24
-
Grammar Quiz29
-
Grammer Quiz 226
-
Grammar Quiz 336
-
Grammar Quiz 41
-
Midterm81
-
Midterm!89
-
Misc1
-
Grammer 164
-
Grammer 160
-
3rd Declension Nouns29
-
Adjectives31
-
Grammar Quiz 18-199
-
Contractions18
-
Grammar Quiz 2028
-
Greek I Final Exam103
-
Semester 2 Midterm35
-
Grammar Quiz 306
-
Grammar Quiz 3110
-
Grammar Quiz 3215
-
Vocab (some)1
-
Grammar Quiz 3511
-
Final Exam81
-
Final Exam0
