MIDTERM

Question 1

Repolarization in action potential is caused mainly by:

Answer 1

Potassium to flow out of the cell

Question 2

Which cell forms myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 2

Schwann cells

Question 3

The part of the neuron that conducts impulse towards the nerve cell body is called:

Answer 3

Dendrites

Question 4

Function of astrocytes

Answer 4

Establish blood brain barrier

Question 5

At which organ/tissue you can find the bipolar neurons?

Answer 5

Retina of eye

Question 6

The cavity present between the pons and the cerebellum is called:

Answer 6

4th ventricle

Question 7

What is the meaning of converging circuit?

Answer 7

Several neurons stimulate one neuron

Question 8

What would you call the white matter tracts that connect similar areas in the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 8

Commissural fibers

Question 9

In which lobe of the cerebral hemisphere the primary sensory area is present?

Answer 9

Parietal lobe

Question 10

What is the area that associates new visual information with previous visual information?

Answer 10

Visual association area

Question 11

The lentiform nucleus is considered as a part of which of the following structures:

Answer 11

Basal nuclei

Question 12

In which part of the brain stem the pyramids and olive are present?

Answer 12

Medulla oblongata

Question 13

The diencephalon consists of all of the following structures, EXCEPT?

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
Lentiform nucleus

Answer 13

Lentiform nucleus

Question 14

Hormone secreted by pineal gland

Answer 14

Melatonin

Question 15

A 45-years-old man has tremors associated with staggering walk and failure of finger nose test. Which of the following structures may be injured?

Answer 15

Cerebellum

Question 16

The motor fibers to the muscles of mastication pass in which division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 16

Mandibular division

Question 17

Which part of the optic pathway contains axons crossing to the opposite side?

Answer 17

Optic chiasma

Question 18

Which ocular muscle is supplied by the abducens nerve (VI)?

Answer 18

Lateral rectus

Question 19

The para-sympathetic motor fibers to the parotid gland have their cell neurons in which para-sympathetic ganglion?

Answer 19

Otic ganglion

Question 20

A patient suffering from unilateral paralysis of the muscles of facial expression, and loss of ability to close the eye, even during sleep, is having injury to which cranial nerve?

Answer 20

Facial Nerve
CN7

Question 21

In a spinal tap the lumbar puncture needle is introduced between which of the following two vertebrae?

Answer 21

L3 and L4

Question 22

The lower motor neurons (LMNs) of the somatic motor pathway are represented by which of the following cells of the spinal cord:

Answer 22

Anterior gray horn

Question 23

Which of the following tracts is considered an ascending tract?

Answer 23

Gracile and cuneate tracts

Question 24

Which one of the following tracts is considered an extrapyramidal pathway?

Answer 24

Vestibulospinal

Question 25

Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion is characterized by which of the following criteria:

Answer 25

Pathological reflexes such as the Babinski sign appear

Question 26

What are the receptors of the stretch reflex?

Answer 26

Muscle spindles

Question 27

T/F: There are 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

At which dermatome level the anterior surfaces of the thighs, below the inguinal ligament is present?

Answer 28

L1

Question 29

What is the name of the deformity that results from radial nerve injury?

Answer 29

Wrist drop

Question 30

Sciatica results from injury of the largest branch of which of the following plexuses?

Answer 30

Sacral

Question 31

T/F: Proprioceptor axons consist mostly of the smallest diameter A fibers and are mostly responsible for carrying pain.

Answer 31

FALSE

Question 32

T/F: Gaps in the myelin sheath are called nodes of Ranvier and they are important for salutatory conduction.

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

T/F: Conduction of the action potential in myelinated nerves is slower than in the unmyelinated nerves.

Answer 33

FALSE

Question 34

T/F: The fibrous tissue around each axon is called perineurium, whereas the fibrous tissue around the whole nerve is called endoneurium.

Answer 34

FALSE

Question 35

T/F: Gray matter in the CNS is formed of nerve cell bodies, while the white matter is formed of myelinated axons.

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

T/F: CSF is formed by the choroid plexus and is drained into the dural venous sinuses to return back to the cardiovascular system.

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

T/F: Hydrocephalus is a disease caused by obstruction of the circulation of the CSF leading to increase of its pressure and enlargement of the child’s head.

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

T/F: The thalamus has large “head”, “tail”, and comma-shaped “body.”

Answer 38

FALSE

Question 39

T/F: Damage to the primary motor cortex on the left side of the brain produces paralysis on the left side of the body.

Answer 39

FALSE

Question 40

T/F: The Basal nuclei include the Hippocampus & amygdaloid body and are responsible for Emotional feelings and mood changes.

Answer 40

FALSE

Question 41

T/F: The primary auditory area is present in the occipital lobe and receives information from the ears.

Answer 41

FALSE

Question 42

T/F: Motor aphasia is caused by damage to Broca’s speech area.

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

T/F: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by gradual destruction of neurons that release the neuro-transmitter dopamine.

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

T/F: Alpha waves of the brain electroencephalogram (EEG) occur during deep sleep and in brain damage.

Answer 44

FALSE

Question 45

T/F: The middle cerebellar peduncle connects the cerebellum with the pons and carries impulses from the cerebrum to cerebellum.

Answer 45

TRUE

Question 46

T/F: The thalamus has nuclei arranged in 4 regions; mammillary, tuberal, supraoptic and the preoptic regions.

Answer 46

FALSE

Question 47

T/F: The primary taste area is located within adjacent areas of the parietal lobe and the insula.

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

T/F: In case of damage to the oculomotor (III) nerve the patient may suffer from strabismus, ptosis, and diplopia.

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

T/F: The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V2) passes through the foramen ovale of the skull and supply motor fibers to the four muscles of mastication.

Answer 49

FALSE

Question 50

T/F: The facial nerve (VII) passes through the stylomastoid foramen, enters the parotid gland, then divides into 5 branches which come out of the anterior border of the parotid gland.

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

T/F: The vagus (X) nerve gives auricular branch which carries somatic sensations from a small area of skin on the external ear.

Answer 51

TRUE

Question 52

T/F: The posterior root of the spinal nerve contains only motor fibers which have their nerve cell bodies in the dorsal grey horn.

Answer 52

FALSE

Question 53

T/F: The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord gives nerves that supply the lower limbs.

Answer 53

FALSE

Question 54

T/F: The Gracile and Cuneate tracts convey touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception.

Answer 54

TRUE

Question 55

T/F: The posterior (dorsal) ramus of the spinal nerve contains mixed sensory and motor fibers and supplies the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk.

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

T/F: The anterior rami of all the thoracic nerves take part in the formation of nerve plexuses.

Answer 56

FALSE

Question 57

T/F: Referred pain is a visceral pain that travels along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers.

Answer 57

TRUE

Question 58

T/F: Proprioceptors respond to stimuli from the internal viscera and blood vessels.

Answer 58

FALSE

Question 59

T/F: Damage to the accessory (XI) nerve leads to paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscles.

Answer 59

TRUE

Question 60

T/F: The pain in heart attack is felt along the lateral aspect of the right leg because the same spinal cord segments (T1-T5) innervate both the heart and the lateral aspect of the leg.

Answer 60

FALSE