1
Q
What are the key characteristics of Assumptions in nursing theory?
A
- Beliefs about phenomena
- Must be accepted as true to accept a theory
Assumptions may be based on accepted knowledge or personal beliefs and values.
2
Q
Define Concept in the context of nursing theory.
A
- Elements or components of a phenomenon
- Necessary to understand the phenomenon
Concepts are abstract and derived from impressions the human mind receives through sensing the environment.
3
Q
What is a Construct in nursing theory?
A
The most complex type of concept
Constructs comprise more than one concept and are typically built by the theorist or philosopher to fit a purpose.
4
Q
What does Phenomena refer to in nursing theory?
A
An aspect of reality
The phenomena of interest become the subject matter particular to the primary concerns of a discipline.
5
Q
What is a Conceptual model/framework?
A
A set of interrelated concepts
It symbolically represents and conveys a mental image of a phenomenon.
6
Q
What are Relationship Statements in nursing theory?
A
Indicate specific relationships between concepts
They clarify how concepts or propositions within a theory relate to each other.
7
Q
Define Hypotheses in the context of nursing theory.
A
Tentative suggestions about relationships between concepts
Hypotheses can be tested and verified.
8
Q
What is a Law in nursing theory?
A
A proposition about the relationship between concepts
It has been repeatedly validated and is accepted as true.
9
Q
Define Theory in nursing.
A
A set of logically interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions
Theories explain a phenomenon and allow for the deduction, testing, and verification of questions or hypotheses.
10
Q
What is a Metaparadigm in nursing?
A
The worldview of a discipline
It generally consists of person, environment, health, and nursing.
11
Q
What is a Paradigm in nursing?
A
An organizing framework
It contains concepts, theories, assumptions, beliefs, values, and principles that form the way a discipline interprets the subject matter.
12
Q
Define Worldview in the context of nursing.
A
The philosophical frame of reference
It describes a social or cultural group’s outlook on and beliefs about reality.
13
Q
What is a Borrowed or shared theory?
A
A theory developed in another discipline
It is not adapted to the worldview and practice of nursing.
14
Q
What is a Taxonomy in nursing?
A
A classification scheme
It is used for defining or gathering together various phenomena.
15
Q
Define Metatheory.
A
The most abstract level of theory
It focuses on the processes of theory development; it is a theory about theory.
16
Q
What are Grand theories?
A
The most complex and broadest in scope
They provide comprehensive conceptual frameworks for the entire discipline.
17
Q
Define Middle range theories.
A
Substantively specific theories
They use concrete concepts that can be tested in practice.
18
Q
What are Practice theories?
A
The least complex theories
They give specific directions for practice, acting as a prescriptive guide for small, specific problems.
19
Q
What is a Prescriptive Theory?
A
Theories that address nursing interventions
They guide practice change and predict consequences.
20
Q
Define Descriptive Theory.
A
Theories that are the first level of theory development
They do not attempt to produce or change a situation.
21
Q
Who is Kari Martinsen?
A
A Norwegian nurse and philosopher
Influenced by phenomenology and ethics of care, emphasizing care as a moral and social practice.
22
Q
What is the core concept of Relationality in Kari Martinsen’s philosophy?
A
Care is a mutual, lived experience
The nurse is defined in the relationship with the patient.
23
Q
What does Sensuousness refer to in Kari Martinsen’s philosophy?
A
Nurses must be emotionally and perceptually open
They respond to patients’ subtle cues of suffering.
24
Q
What is the core concept of Dependency & Vulnerability in Kari Martinsen’s philosophy?
A
Caring begins by recognizing the patient’s need
It acknowledges our shared human fragility.
25
What does **Moral Practice** mean in Kari Martinsen's philosophy?
Caring involves ethical responsibility
## Footnote
Nursing is seen as a moral and relational calling.
26
Who is **Katie Eriksson**?
A Finland-Swedish nurse with a doctorate in pedagogy
## Footnote
She connected knowledge into four levels: meta theoretical, theoretical, technological, and caring as art.
27
What does **Caritas** mean in Katie Eriksson's theory?
Love and charity
## Footnote
It constitutes the spirit of caritative caring.
28
What is the ultimate goal of caring in Katie Eriksson's theory?
To lighten suffering and serve life and health
## Footnote
This reflects the moral and ethical duty of nursing.
29
What is the **Theoretical Assertion** in Katie Eriksson's theory?
Theory is generated through a dialectical process
## Footnote
It moves between abstract concepts and concrete experiences.
30
Who is **Florence Nightingale**?
The Founder of Modern Nursing
## Footnote
Her theory is based on observations during the Crimean War.
31
What is the focus of **Nightingale's Environmental Theory**?
To place the patient in the best possible condition for nature to act
## Footnote
Nursing is defined as utilizing the environment to assist in recovery.
32
What are the **Five Environmental Factors** in Nightingale's theory?
* Fresh air
* Pure water
* Efficient drainage
* Cleanliness/Sanitation
* Light/Direct Sunlight
## Footnote
Nurses must control these factors for patient well-being.
33
What does **Health** mean in Nightingale's theory?
Maintaining well-being by using a person's reparative powers
## Footnote
It involves maintaining control of the environment.
34
Who is **Jean Watson**?
Developed the philosophy of caring in 1979
## Footnote
She highlighted the humanistic aspects of nursing intertwined with scientific knowledge.
35
What are the **Caritas Processes** in Watson's philosophy?
Guided by 10 Caritas Processes
## Footnote
They promote dignity and wholeness in the nurse-patient relationship.
36
What is a **Caring Occasion/Moment** in Watson's theory?
The point in time and space when the nurse and patient meet
## Footnote
It allows both to be influenced by the experience.
37
What is the nursing goal in Watson's philosophy?
To promote health and healing
## Footnote
It focuses on the human-to-human relationship and Caritas Processes.
38
Who is **Patricia Benner**?
Focuses on clinical wisdom and knowledge development in nursing practice
## Footnote
Her theory is based on the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition.
39
What are the **Five Stages of Skill Acquisition** in Benner's theory?
* Novice
* Advanced Beginner
* Competent
* Proficient
* Expert
## Footnote
These stages describe how nurses acquire and use practical knowledge in patient care.
40
What is the goal of Benner's theory?
To understand the development of clinical expertise
## Footnote
It aims to guide nursing education and practice.
41
Who is **Margaret Newman**?
Views health as the pattern of the whole
## Footnote
Influenced by Martha Roger's work on Unitary Human Beings.
42
What is the core concept of **Health** in Newman's theory?
Health is the expansion of consciousness
## Footnote
Illness is viewed as a manifestation of the pattern of person-environment interaction.
43
What is the nursing role in Newman's theory?
To engage in a true presence and help the client recognize their own pattern
## Footnote
This is known as pattern recognition.
44
What does **Health and Illness** mean in Newman's theory?
Seen as a unified process
## Footnote
The person is an open system in constant interaction with the environment.
45
Who is **Rosemarie Rizzo Parse**?
Derived from human science and existential-phenomenological thought
## Footnote
Influenced by Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings.
46
What is the core concept of **Human Becoming** in Parse's theory?
The human is an indivisible, unpredictable being
## Footnote
They co-create their reality with the universe.
47
What are the **Three Principles** in Parse's theory?
* Meaning
* Rhythmicity
* Co-Transcendence
## Footnote
These principles guide the understanding of human becoming.
48
What is the nursing role in Parse's theory?
To be truly present to the client
## Footnote
It involves guiding them in choosing their own meaning and health patterns.
49
Who are **Boykin and Schoenhofer**?
They define nursing as a humanistic and moral endeavor
## Footnote
Nursing's purpose is to know and nurture people as they live their lives.
50
What is the core concept of **The Nursing Situation** in Boykin and Schoenhofer's theory?
The shared, lived experience between nurse and patient
## Footnote
All caring is specific and unique to the moment.
51
What is the **Call to Care** in Boykin and Schoenhofer's theory?
The client's inherent need to be recognized as a caring person
## Footnote
The nurse answers this call by entering the patient's world.
52
What is the goal of Boykin and Schoenhofer's theory?
To live the concept of caring
## Footnote
It means nurturing the person as a whole and recognizing them as a caring person.
53
Who is **Ernestine Wiedenbach**?
Developed a Patient-Centered, Prescriptive Theory
## Footnote
Influenced by Ida Orlando.
54
What is the **Central Purpose** of Wiedenbach's theory?
To help individuals overcome obstacles to respond to their needs
## Footnote
Especially the need-for-help.
55
What are the **Four Essential Elements** in Wiedenbach's theory?
* Philosophy (Attitude)
* Purpose (Goal)
* Practice (Observable Actions)
* Art (Skillful application)
## Footnote
These elements guide the helping process.
56
What are the **3 Cs** in Wiedenbach's Helping Process?
* Identification
* Ministration
* Validation
## Footnote
These steps ensure effective help is provided.
57
What is the **Client System** in Betty Neuman's model?
An open system consisting of five interacting variables
## Footnote
These variables are physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual.
58
What are the **Defense/Resistance Lines** in Neuman's model?
* Flexible Line of Defense
* Normal Line of Defense
* Lines of Resistance
## Footnote
These lines help the client fight stressors.
59
What are the categories of **Stressors** in Neuman's model?
* Intrapersonal
* Interpersonal
* Extrapersonal
## Footnote
Stressors create instability in the client system.
60
What does **Prevention as Intervention** mean in Neuman's model?
* Primary: Before a reaction
* Secondary: After invasion
* Tertiary: After treatment
## Footnote
These levels of prevention guide nursing interventions.
61
Who is **Myra Estrine Levine**?
Influenced by Hans Selye's GAS and Nightingale's emphasis on the environment
## Footnote
Focuses on the individual's adaptation.
62
What is the **Goal of Nursing** in Levine's model?
To promote holistic care by maintaining the wholeness of the individual
## Footnote
This is achieved through conservation.
63
What is the core concept of **Adaptation** in Levine's model?
The process of change leading to conservation
## Footnote
It ensures the individual's wholeness is maintained.
64
What are the **Four Conservation Principles** in Levine's model?
* Energy
* Structural Integrity
* Personal Integrity
* Social Integrity
## Footnote
These principles guide nursing practice to maintain wholeness.
65
Who is **Evelyn Adam**?
Developed a model based on Virginia Henderson's 14 Fundamental Needs
## Footnote
Applied to Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model.
66
What is the **Unique Role of Nursing** in Adam's model?
To clarify that nursing has a distinct function from medicine
## Footnote
Nursing focuses on helping people regain independence.
67
What is the **Nurse's Goal** in Adam's model?
To help individuals maintain or regain independence
## Footnote
This allows them to function without assistance.
68
What are the **Assumptions** in Adam's model?
The client may lack strength, knowledge, or will
## Footnote
These factors affect their ability to meet needs independently.
69
Who is **Martha E. Rogers**?
Views the person as an irreducible, pan-dimensional energy field
## Footnote
This concept is fundamental to her theory.
70
What does **Irreducibility** mean in Rogers' theory?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
## Footnote
This emphasizes the complexity of human beings.
71
What is the major concept of **Pan dimensionality** in Rogers' theory?
A non-linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes
## Footnote
Time and space are considered relative.
72
What are the **Three Principles of Homeodynamics** in Rogers' theory?
* Integrality
* Helicy
* Resonancy
## Footnote
These principles describe the interactions between human and environmental fields.
73
The person is viewed as an **irreducible energy field** that is a fundamental unit of things. What is this concept called?
non-particulate unity
## Footnote
This perspective emphasizes the holistic nature of human existence.
74
What is the principle that states **the whole is greater than the sum of its parts**?
greater than the sum
## Footnote
This principle highlights the complexity of human systems.
75
Define **pan dimensionality**.
A non-linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes
## Footnote
Time and space are considered relative in this context.
76
List the **three principles of homeodynamics**.
* Integrality
* Helicy
* Resonancy
## Footnote
These principles describe the dynamic interactions within human and environmental fields.
77
What is the **nursing goal** in homeodynamics?
To promote synchronous, rhythmic interaction through **Mutual Patterning**
## Footnote
This aims to enhance the connection between human and environmental fields.
78
In Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, what is the focus of nursing?
Nursing is required when an individual is unable to meet their own **Self-Care Requisites**
## Footnote
The individual is seen as a self-care agent.
79
What are the **three interrelated theories** in Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory?
* Theory of Self-Care
* Theory of Self-Care Deficit
* Theory of Nursing Systems
## Footnote
These theories explain the relationship between self-care and nursing.
80
Name the **three types of nursing systems** according to Orem.
* Wholly Compensatory
* Partially Compensatory
* Supportive-Educative
## Footnote
These systems describe different levels of nurse-patient interaction.
81
What is the **nursing goal** in Orem's theory?
To increase or restore the patient's **self-help ability**
## Footnote
This goal focuses on empowering the patient.
82
Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model views the individual as a **bio-psycho-social-spiritual being**. What is the core concept?
Adaptation
## Footnote
This concept emphasizes the integration of human and environmental factors.
83
List the **four adaptive modes** in Roy's Adaptation Model.
* Physiological-Physical
* Self-Concept-Group Identity
* Role Function
* Interdependence
## Footnote
These modes describe different aspects of human adaptation.
84
What are the **three types of stimuli** affecting adaptation?
* Focal
* Contextual
* Residual
## Footnote
These stimuli influence how individuals adapt to their environment.
85
What is the **nursing goal** in Roy's Adaptation Model?
To manage stimuli to promote or enhance the patient's ability to cope and achieve **adaptation**
## Footnote
This goal focuses on improving the patient's adaptive responses.
86
Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model views the person as a **behavioral system**. What is the nursing role?
An **external regulatory force** indicated when there is instability in the client's behavioral system
## Footnote
This role emphasizes the nurse's intervention in maintaining balance.
87
List the **seven subsystems** in Johnson's Behavioral System Model.
* Behavioral
* Attachment-Affiliative
* Response
* Dependency
* Ingestive
* Eliminative
* Sexual
## Footnote
These subsystems interact to maintain the behavioral system's balance.
88
What is the **goal** of Johnson's Behavioral System Model?
To restore, maintain, or attain **behavioral system balance and stability**
## Footnote
This goal focuses on achieving equilibrium within the behavioral system.
89
Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory focuses on the **nurse-patient relationship**. What are the **three interacting systems**?
* Personal System
* Interpersonal System
* Social System
## Footnote
These systems interact to facilitate goal attainment in nursing.
90
What is the **nursing definition** in King's theory?
A process of action, reaction, and interaction leading to a **transaction**
## Footnote
This transaction is where both nurse and patient achieve mutually set goals.
91
What is the **nursing goal** in King's Goal Attainment Theory?
To achieve **mutually set goals** for the patient's health
## Footnote
This is accomplished through effective communication and interaction.
92
Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory defines the unique function of the nurse as assisting individuals in performing activities contributing to health. What is the **nursing goal**?
To assist the individual to perform activities to **regain independence**
## Footnote
This goal emphasizes the importance of patient autonomy.
93
What are the **14 components** of basic human needs in Henderson's theory?
* Breathe normally
* Eat and drink adequately
* Sleep and rest
* Learn/discover
## Footnote
These components cover physiological, psychological, spiritual, and sociological needs.
94
Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory focuses on **therapeutic interactions**. What are the **four phases** of the nurse-patient relationship?
* Orientation
* Identification
* Exploitation
* Resolution
## Footnote
These phases outline the progression of the nurse-patient relationship.
95
What is the **nursing goal** in Peplau's theory?
To establish a **therapeutic relationship** and help the patient achieve forward movement of the personality
## Footnote
This goal emphasizes personal growth and healing.
96
What is the term for a theory that explains a relationship between concepts that can be tested?
Hypothesis
## Footnote
A hypothesis is a tentative suggestion that can be verified.
97
The belief that every human being has intrinsic worth and dignity is an example of a(n) _______.
Assumption
## Footnote
Assumptions are beliefs that must be accepted to validate a theory.
98
The most complex type of concept, such as **Social Support**, is referred to as a(n):
Construct
## Footnote
Constructs are built by theorists and composed of multiple concepts.
99
The overall worldview of nursing that defines its subject matter is the **metaparadigm**. What are its four components?
* Person
* Environment
* Health
* Nursing
## Footnote
These components represent the foundational aspects of nursing.
100
A theory that provides specific directions for practice in a limited setting is known as a(n):
Practice Theory
## Footnote
Practice theories are the least complex and focus on specific problems.
101
The philosophical branch that deals with the theories of knowledge is called **epistemology**. What does it refer to?
Theories of knowledge and its origins
## Footnote
Epistemology explores how we know what we know.
102
A classification scheme used to organize and define various phenomena is known as a(n):
Taxonomy
## Footnote
A taxonomy helps in categorizing different concepts and phenomena.
103
Which type of theory is developed in sociology and used by nurses without modification?
Borrowed or shared theory
## Footnote
These theories are not adapted to fit the nursing metaparadigm.
104
The application of a theory to actual cases encountered in experience is called:
Praxis
## Footnote
Praxis represents the integration of theory and practice.
105
The pattern of knowing that involves the **Science of nursing** is called:
Empirics
## Footnote
Empirics focuses on causality and evidence-based practice.
106
The most abstract and general level of theory, composed of highly abstract concepts, is a:
Grand Theory
## Footnote
Grand theories provide a broad framework for understanding nursing.
107
The philosophical branch concerned with the study of existence is called **ontology**. What does it study?
The nature of reality
## Footnote
Ontology explores what is real and the essence of being.
108
A theory that is substantively specific and uses concrete concepts that can be directly tested is a:
Middle Range Theory
## Footnote
Middle range theories focus on specific phenomena and are practical for nursing.
109
The pattern of knowing that is the **Art of nursing** is called:
Esthetics
## Footnote
Esthetics involves sensing the meaning of moments in nursing.
110
The specific identifiers used to observe or measure a concept in a study are called:
Empirical Indicators
## Footnote
These indicators provide measurable data for research.
111
A theory that aims to predict consequences and calls for an intervention is classified as a:
Prescriptive Theory
## Footnote
Prescriptive theories guide nursing actions based on predicted outcomes.
112
A statement of beliefs and values about human beings that serves as the foundation for knowledge is called a:
Philosophy
## Footnote
Philosophy underpins the theoretical framework of nursing.
113
The designation of an aspect of reality that becomes the subject matter of a discipline is a:
Phenomenon
## Footnote
Phenomena are the focal points of study within a discipline.
114
The term for the overall philosophical frame of reference used by a social group is:
Worldview
## Footnote
A worldview shapes how a group perceives reality.
115
The components necessary to understand a phenomenon are called:
Concepts
## Footnote
Concepts are the building blocks of theories.
116
A graphic or symbolic representation of phenomena is known as a:
Model
## Footnote
Models provide visual frameworks for understanding complex ideas.
117
Statements that indicate specific relationships between two or more concepts are called:
Relationship Statements
## Footnote
These statements clarify how concepts interact with each other.
118
What is essential for decreasing the spread of contagious diseases?
Cleanliness or Sanitation
## Footnote
This emphasizes the importance of hygiene in public health.
119
Jean Watson's philosophy is guided by ten factors called?
Caritas Processes
## Footnote
These processes focus on the caring relationship between nurse and patient.
120
In Benner's Model, the stage where the nurse relies on analytical principles but begins to recognize recurrent meaningful aspects of a situation is the?
Advanced Beginner
## Footnote
This stage reflects a developing understanding of nursing practice.
121
Margaret Newman views health and illness as a unified process rather than an opposition. True or False?
TRUE
## Footnote
This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness of health and illness.
122
The three principles guiding Parse’s Human Becoming Theory are Meaning, Rhythmicity, and?
Co-Transcendence
## Footnote
These principles focus on the individual's experience and existence.
123
Boykin and Schoenhofer refer to the shared, lived experience where the nurse and the cared-for meet as the?
The Nursing Situation
## Footnote
This concept highlights the relational aspect of nursing.
124
Martinsen's concept that requires recognizing the patient's need and our shared human fragility is?
Dependency and Vulnerability
## Footnote
This concept emphasizes the importance of understanding patient needs.
125
The ultimate goal of Eriksson's Caritative Caring is to ease?
Suffering
## Footnote
This goal reflects the compassionate aspect of nursing care.
126
Nightingale's focus on Light/Direct Sunlight is primarily to ensure?
Healing/Patient well-being
## Footnote
This principle underscores the importance of the environment in healing.
127
Patricia Benner's work is based on the Dreyfus model of?
Skill Acquisition
## Footnote
This model outlines the stages of skill development in nursing.
128
Margaret Newman views the person as an open system in constant interaction with the?
Environment
## Footnote
This perspective emphasizes the dynamic relationship between individuals and their surroundings.
129
Parse's practice methodology, which involves the nurse being truly present to the client, is known as?
Nursing Praxis
## Footnote
This methodology focuses on the nurse's engagement with the patient.
130
Boykin and Schoenhofer define nursing's purpose as to know people and?
nurture them as they live their lives
## Footnote
This definition emphasizes the relational aspect of nursing.
131
The philosophical branch concerned with what is good and right is?
Ethics
## Footnote
This field addresses moral principles in nursing practice.
132
Benner's highest level of proficiency, where the nurse no longer relies on analytical principles, is the?
Expert
## Footnote
This level reflects a deep understanding and intuitive grasp of nursing practice.
133
According to Ernestine Wiedenbach, which step of the Helping Process involves observing/exploring the patient's behavior?
Identification
## Footnote
This step is crucial for determining the patient's need-for-help.
134
A community health nurse implementing a sex education program to address risk factors in the community is an example of?
Primary Prevention
## Footnote
This intervention aims to protect the client's normal line of defense.
135
The action of supporting a hospitalized patient with a stroke in their routines primarily supports which of Myra Levine's Conservation Principles?
Conservation of Personal Integrity
## Footnote
This principle focuses on maintaining the patient's sense of self and dignity.
136
Evelyn Adam's Conceptual Model clarifies the unique function of nursing, which is to help the individual?
Maintain or regain independence in meeting basic human needs
## Footnote
This model emphasizes the importance of independence in nursing care.
137
The concept in Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings that describes the continuous, mutual process of energy exchange is called?
Integrality
## Footnote
This concept highlights the interconnectedness of humans and their environment.
138
According to Dorothea Orem's SCDT, a patient requiring the nurse to perform all self-care activities is in the?
Wholly Compensatory System
## Footnote
This system is used when the patient is totally dependent on the nurse.
139
In Roy's Adaptation Model, the family's reaction to the patient's illness is categorized as a?
Contextual Stimulus
## Footnote
This stimulus includes factors that contribute to the patient's response.
140
Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model views nursing's role as an external regulatory force indicated only when the patient experiences?
Instability or disequilibrium
## Footnote
This reflects the need for nursing intervention in maintaining balance.
141
Imogene King defines the successful outcome of the nurse-patient interaction as a?
Transaction
## Footnote
This term describes the achievement of mutually set goals.
142
The assumption in Virginia Henderson's Need Theory states a nurse assists an individual to perform activities contributing to health that the client would perform unaided if they had the necessary?
Strength, will, or knowledge
## Footnote
This highlights the nurse's supportive role in patient care.
143
In Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory, the phase where the patient begins to take full advantage of the nurse's services is the?
Exploitation (Working) Phase
## Footnote
This phase marks active patient engagement in their recovery.
144
Wiedenbach's element of clinical nursing that encompasses the nurse's beliefs and values is?
Philosophy
## Footnote
This element guides the nurse's approach to care.
145
Neuman's line of defense that represents the client's usual state of health is the?
Normal Line of Defense
## Footnote
This line reflects the individual's baseline health status.
146
Levine's principle focused on maintaining the patient's sense of place in their family and community is the?
Conservation of Social Integrity
## Footnote
This principle emphasizes the importance of social connections in health.
147
Evelyn Adam's model was inspired by Virginia Henderson's and Dorothy Johnson's models. True or False?
TRUE
## Footnote
This reflects the influence of these theorists on Adam's work.
148
In Roger's theory, the principle stating that change is unpredictable and continuous is?
Helicy
## Footnote
This principle highlights the dynamic nature of human systems.
149
Orem's system used when the nurse provides support to the patient who can perform their own care but needs guidance is the?
Supportive-Educative System
## Footnote
This system focuses on enhancing the patient's self-care abilities.
150
Roy's adaptive mode that focuses on basic needs like circulation and nutrition is the?
Physiological-Physical Mode
## Footnote
This mode addresses fundamental human requirements for health.
151
Johnson's Behavioral System is comprised of how many interrelated subsystems?
Seven (7)
## Footnote
These subsystems interact to maintain the overall behavioral system.
152
Imogene King's model views the human being as an?
Open System
## Footnote
This view emphasizes the dynamic interactions with the environment.
153
The number of basic human needs Virginia Henderson identified is?
Fourteen (14)
## Footnote
These needs form the foundation of her nursing theory.
154
The ultimate phase of Peplau's relationship where goals are achieved is the?
Resolution (Termination) Phase
## Footnote
This phase signifies the conclusion of the nurse-patient relationship.
155
The nurse's action of checking with the patient to confirm the help provided was effective is Wiedenbach's?
Validation
## Footnote
This step ensures the effectiveness of nursing interventions.
156
A financial crisis that causes stress to a client's family is categorized in Neuman's model as a(n)?
Extrapersonal Stressor
## Footnote
This type of stressor originates outside the individual.
157
The principle in Levine's model focusing on wound healing and maintaining the body's protective barriers is?
Conservation of Structural Integrity
## Footnote
This principle emphasizes the importance of physical integrity in healing.
158
A patient with a severe pressure ulcer receiving comprehensive wound care reflects which of Myra Levine's Conservation Principles?
Conservation of Structural Integrity
## Footnote
This principle focuses on maintaining the physical structure of the body.
159
A critical care nurse performing a primary assessment while acknowledging the patient's fear aligns with which theory?
Jean Watson's Transpersonal Caring
## Footnote
This theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship.
160
A nurse providing discharge teaching to a client with new onset diabetes is implementing which nursing system?
Supportive-Educative
## Footnote
This system is used when the patient can perform activities but needs guidance.
161
In Betty Neuman's System Model, using breathing exercises to manage anxiety is an example of?
Secondary Prevention
## Footnote
This level of prevention addresses existing effects of stress.
162
A new graduate nurse relying strictly on protocols is currently at the?
Novice stage
## Footnote
This stage reflects a lack of situational awareness.
163
A client with chronic pain who connects with others through their suffering is utilizing which of Neuman's variables?
Spiritual Variable
## Footnote
This variable addresses the spiritual aspect of health.
164
The four phases of the nurse-patient relationship in Peplau's theory are Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and?
Resolution
## Footnote
This phase concludes the therapeutic relationship.
165
A patient's desire to maintain independence in dressing is one of Virginia Henderson's?
14 Components/Basic Human Needs
## Footnote
These components guide nursing care.
166
A patient's prior experience with chronic illness affecting their perception of a new diagnosis is a Residual Stimulus in?
Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model
## Footnote
This model addresses how past experiences influence current health.
167
The primary focus of Kari Martinsen is care as a moral and social practice, not just a technical skill. True or False?
TRUE
## Footnote
This perspective emphasizes the ethical dimensions of nursing.
168
The nurse's action of providing the help needed through action is what step in Wiedenbach's Helping Process?
Ministration
## Footnote
This step involves direct nursing interventions.
169
The two theoretical sources for Myra Levine's Conservation Model are Hans Selye's GAS and?
Florence Nightingale's emphasis on the environment
## Footnote
These sources influence Levine's approach to nursing.
170
Imogene King's three interacting systems are Personal, Interpersonal, and?
Social
## Footnote
These systems interact to achieve health goals.
171
Dorothea Orem's theory asserts that nursing is needed when the patient's Self-Care Agency is unable to meet the?
Self-Care Demand
## Footnote
This highlights the need for nursing intervention.
172
The concept in Parse's theory related to the client's power to push beyond the limits of a given situation is?
Co-Transcendence
## Footnote
This concept emphasizes personal growth and empowerment.
173
The most complex type of concept used in theory construction is a?
Construct
## Footnote
Constructs are foundational elements in theoretical frameworks.
174
In Betty Neuman's Model, the outermost protective buffer that rapidly changes in response to stress is the?
Flexible Line of Defense
## Footnote
This line adapts to environmental changes.
175
The core of Katie Eriksson's theory, encompassing unconditional love and charity, is?
Caritas
## Footnote
This concept emphasizes the compassionate aspect of care.
176
Evelyn Adam's model views the nurse as helping the client with their needs when they have a lack of strength, knowledge, or?
Will
## Footnote
This model focuses on supporting clients in achieving their needs.
177
The view of the human as an irreducible, pan-dimensional energy field belongs to?
Martha Rogers
## Footnote
This perspective emphasizes the holistic nature of human beings.
178
In Virginia Henderson's theory, the nurse is expected to carry out the physician's therapeutic plan, but individualized care results from the nurse's?
Creativity in planning for care
## Footnote
This highlights the importance of personalized nursing interventions.
179
The stage in Benner's theory where the nurse sees the whole picture and recognizes patterns quickly is the?
Proficient
## Footnote
This stage reflects advanced clinical judgment.
180
In Roy's Adaptation Model, a person's self-esteem and body image are addressed within the?
Self-Concept-Group Identity Adaptive Mode
## Footnote
This mode focuses on personal and social identity.
181
According to Kari Martinsen, nursing is a moral and relational calling, emphasizing ethical responsibility as central to her concept of?
Moral Practice
## Footnote
This concept underscores the ethical dimensions of nursing care.
TFN
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