Element
Simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties and cannot be broken down further (all on periodic table)
Compound
A substance that contains 2 or more elements chemically combines in a fixed position
Mixture
A physical blend of two or more components
Homogeneous
Same/uniform throughout
singular phase
appears as one substance
Heterogeneous
Not uniform throughout
more than one phase
can see different parts
Ways of physical separation
filtration
separation by hand
magnetism
evaporation/distilation
decanting
Chemical properties
flammability
reactivity
acidity
toxicity
Intensive properties
depend on the type of matter
ex: density, luster, odor, color, mp/bp
extensive properties
depends on the amount of matter
ex: mass, volume, and energy
Indicators of a chemical change
Change in color
transfer of energy (temp)
Production of a gas (fizzling/bubbling)
Form of a precipitate
Law of conservation of matter
Mass stays the same always, never created or destroyed
Total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the product
Isotope
Isotopes of different mass numbers because of a different number of neutrons
When calculating the average atomic mass, why is the average closer to one isotope
Because the percent abundance is larger
Quantum Sublevels
S, P, D, F
S (number of orbitals and max number of electrons)
1
2
P (number of orbitals and max number of electrons)
3
6
D (number of orbitals and max number of electrons)
5
10
F (number of orbitals and max number of electrons)
7
14
As frequency ________, wavelength ________
increases; decreases
Frequency/energy and wavelength have an _________ relationship
inverse (don’t forget graph)
As energy ________, frequency ________
increases; increases
Frequency and energy have an _________ relationship
direct (don’t forget graph)
Wavelength unit and symbol
m
lambda (upside down y)
Frequency unit and symbol
S(-1)
v
