Valence electrons
electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
Octet rule
an atom will try to gain/loose electrons
ions
atoms with a net charge that results when an atom gains/looses electrons
Ionic bonding
electrostatic force between 2 oppositely charged electrons
Atom gains/looses electrons to complete a full octet
Covalent bonding
when 2 atoms share valence electrons to complete a full octet
Cations (type, formed, elements, naming rule)
Positive
loose electrons
metals
element name + roman numeral
Anion (type, formed, elements, naming rule)
negative
gain electrons
non-metals / metalloids / polyatomics
element (or polyatomic) with -ide, -ate, or -ite ending
When and why are roman numerals used to name ions
Used for (transitional) metals and cations to determine the positive charge
differences and similarities between ionic and molecular compounds
Ionic bonding where an atom gains/looses electrons and covalent bonding where atoms share electrons
Starts with metals (cations) and starts with non-metals/metalloids
Criss/cross method versus no criss/cross method
Prefix for 1
mono-
Prefix for 2
di-
Prefix for 3
tri-
Prefix for 4
tetra-
Prefix for 5
penta-
Prefix for 6
hexa-
Prefix for 7
hepta-
Prefix for 9
nona-
Prefix for 8
octa-
Prefix for10
deca-
Diatomics
H2 - hydrogen
N2 - nitrogen
F2 - fluorine
O2 - oxygen
I2 - iodine
Cl2 - chlorine
Br2 - bromine
