What are some general push factors from countires
Shortage of farming land (land grabs), Expensive Farming improvement - poor are disenfranchised, Poor living conditions, lack of services/food, poverty, natural disasters.
What are some general pull factors
Employment opportunities, higher wages/minimum wage
Where are many people moving to in China, why?
Rural to urban migration
Urban areas located on the East coastline of China.
Better job opportunities in manufacturing and construction, higher paying then agriculture
What percentage of population growth in China came from the East Coast?
82%
Why are many east coast location in China urban, well developed areas
Easy Imports and Exports - ports. Investments from overseas, means that these cities grow more
What are the pull factors to east coast, urban China
Opportunity, city life, luxury items/lifestyle, curiosity, exploring, remittances
What are the push factors from agricultural, rural China
Less economy in villages, Tired of school, arranged marriage
What is the average first migrating age in China, what does this mean
17.2, educated, young, motivated
What is the Hukou System
Internal Passport (rural vs Urban) system that controls access to key services
What is the impact of increased rural to urban migration/Hukou system in China
Shanty towns/slums formed
In 2010, how many people lived in China without Hukou, lived in Shanty towns
Over 200 million
Why are shanty towns social and environmental concerns in Bejing
Poor air quality due to use of coal for heating
Disease due to improper disposal of waste.
Risk of fire and building collapse - poor standards of construction
High crime rate
What are the political consequences of Shanty Towns in Bejing
$81 billion Renovation of shanty towns - people need to vacate homes, impacting 230,000
What are some environmental consequences of rural to urban migration in China
Traffic congestion, In 2013, commuters spent 100 minutes in traffic each week
What are the positive and negative economic consequences of rural to urban migration in China
Negative - Wealth gap between urban and rural populations
Positive - Remittances
What is a social issue due to overpopulation due to rural to urban migration in China
One child policy, leads to the 1,2,4 problem, one child takes care of 2 parents and 4 grandparents.
Policy was then changed to a 2 child policy in 2015
What are the left behind children in China
Children in rural China left with grandparents as parents leave to work in the city
What are the impacts of the left behind children in China
Child and grandparents rely on remittances
Safety
Isolation
Grandparents may still work/Children may be forced to work
