Minerals

Question 1

minerals

Answer 1

naturally occurring solid elements or compounds

Question 2

isotope

Answer 2

each kind of atom with its unique atomic weight

Question 3

stable isotopes

Answer 3

nonradioactive isotopes

Question 4

halite

Answer 4

rock salt caused by sodium chloride

Question 5

ionic bond

Answer 5

one atom loses an electron to another atom

Question 6

ion

Answer 6

charged atom

Question 7

covalent bonds

Answer 7

electrons are shared rather than exchanged

Question 8

calcium and aragonite

Answer 8

an example of two minerals that have identical chemical compositions but altogether different crystal structures

Question 9

carbonate mud

Answer 9

aragonite precipitates directly from
shallow tropical seas as tiny needle-shaped crystals that accumulate as

Question 10

density

Answer 10

mass of a given volume of any substance

Question 11

carbonate minerals

Answer 11

constructed of one or more positive ions

Question 12

dolomite

Answer 12

resembles calcite, but half of the calcium ions are
replaced by magnesium, and its crystal structure has a
special ordering in which calcium and magnesium ions
are segregated into their own layers

Question 13

sulfate minerals

Answer 13

formed of positive ions (such
as calcium, barium, or strontium) that are attached to
the complex ion SO4 (-2)

Question 14

oxides

Answer 14

make up only a small percent
age of the large bodies of rock on Earth, these minerals form many important ore deposits

Question 15

big bang

Answer 15

the expansion of the universe

Question 16

big bang timeline

Answer 16

Hydrogen atoms formed within a few seconds
At 3 minutes, hydrogen atoms fused to form helium atoms
Light nuclei (elements with atomic numbers less than 5) formed shortly after

Question 17

thermonuclear fusion

Answer 17

when two H atoms combine to make a He atom

Question 18

life and death of a star turns…

Answer 18

*hydrogen into helium,
*helium into carbon,
*carbon into oxygen, neon, silicon, sulfur…

Question 19

Earth’s composition

Answer 19

1. Solid iron inner core (nickel and iron)
2. Liquid iron outer core (nickel and iron)
3. Mantle (molten rock)
4. Crust (rock)

Question 20

supernova

Answer 20

a star explodes

Question 21

silicate minerals

Answer 21

minerals in Earth’s crust comprised of silicon and oxygen

Question 22

fossilization

Answer 22

taking something that’s organic and converting it into a rock or mineral

Question 23

NCLIS

Answer 23

Naturally occurring substance
Crystalline structures
Lattice
Inorganic
Solid

Question 24

types of fossilization

Answer 24

1. premineralization
2. recrystallization
3. replacement