Rocks

Question 1

granite

Answer 1

most abundant kind of rock in Earth’s continents

Question 2

Carbonate minerals

Answer 2

constructed of one
or more positive ions

Question 3

Dolomite

Answer 3

resembles calcite, but half of the calcium ions are
replaced by magnesium

Question 4

Sulfate materials

Answer 4

formed of positive ions (such
as calcium, barium, or strontium) that are attached to
the complex ion SO4
2−

Question 5

Granite

Answer 5

most abundant kind of rock in Earth’s continents

Question 6

gabbro and basalt

Answer 6

two types of mafic rocks

Question 7

magma

Answer 7

Molten rock found within
Earth

Question 8

obsidian

Answer 8

glassy volcanic rock formed by extremely rapid cooling

Question 9

diapir

Answer 9

rises by pushing aside overlying rock

Question 10

stoping

Answer 10

pieces
of country rock (i.e., xenoliths) above the magma body
break off and settle through the magma

Question 11

intrusions

Answer 11

The coarse-grained bodies of
rock that magma forms when it cools within Earth

Question 12

sills

Answer 12

sheetlike or tabular plutons that have been injected between sedimentary
layers

Question 13

dikes

Answer 13

similarly shaped plutons that cut
upward through sedimentary layers or crystalline rocks

Question 14

vent

Answer 14

opening on Earth’s surface

Question 15

lava

Answer 15

Molten rock that appears at Earth’s surface through an
opening

Question 16

fissures

Answer 16

cracks

Question 17

flood basalts

Answer 17

Mafic extrusive rocks that have flowed widely

Question 18

pillow basalt

Answer 18

rock formed from lava that emerges from the crust beneath the sea that
cools rapidly in a way that gives its surface a hummocky
configuration

Question 19

tuff

Answer 19

rocks formed from loose fragments of various sizes

Question 20

pumice

Answer 20

rock formed from frothy masses of lava that cool quickly

Question 21

clasts

Answer 21

Fragments of rock produced by destructive processes

Question 22

siliciclastic rocks

Answer 22

sedimentary rocks composed of
clasts of silicate minerals

Question 23

clay

Answer 23

particles smaller than 0.0039 millimeter

Question 24

Silt

Answer 24

the name given to particles in the next size category, with diameters between 0.062 (or 1/16) and 0.0039
(or 1/256) millimeter

Question 25

mud

Answer 25

a term that embraces aggregates of clay and silt

Question 26

mudstones

Answer 26

Rocks formed largely of mud

Question 27

fissile

Answer 27

break along bedding surfaces

Question 28

sand

Answer 28

range from 0.062 millimeter to 2 millimeters in diameter

Question 29

gravel

Answer 29

all particles larger than sand, including pebbles, cobbles, and boulders

Question 30

conglomerate

Answer 30

A rock containing large amounts of gravel and is round

Question 31

breccia

Answer 31

A rock containing large amounts of gravel and is angular

Question 32

grade

Answer 32

the word used to indicate the levels of temperature and pressure of metamorphism

Question 33

regional metamorphism

Answer 33

transforms deeply buried rocks over distances of hundreds of kilometers

Question 34

foliation

Answer 34

an alignment of platy minerals caused by the pressures applied during metamorphism

Question 35

Slate

Answer 35

fine-grained rock of very low metamorphic grade in which foliation produces fissility much like that of shale

Question 36

Schist

Answer 36

a low- to medium-grade metamorphic rock that consists largely of grains of platy minerals

Question 37

Chlorite

Answer 37

a mica-like green mineral that occurs primarily in schist

Question 38

Gneiss

Answer 38

a high-grade metamorphic rock whose intergrown crystals resemble those of igneous rock

Question 39

Marble

Answer 39

forms from the metamorphism of sedimentary carbonates

Question 40

Quartzite,

Answer 40

consists of nearly pure quartz

Question 41

contact metamorphism

Answer 41

When an igneous intrusion “bakes” the surrounding rock (see Figure 1-9), the result is..

Question 42

hydrothermal metamorphism

Answer 42

The percolation of hot, watery fluids through rock

Question 43

shock metamorphism

Answer 43

When an asteroid strikes Earth, rocks that border the impact crater are metamorphosed by the heat and very high pressure of the impact in what is termed

Question 44

fault zone metamorphism

Answer 44

When rocks are ground up along a fault as a result of the intense shearing forces and heat of Earth movement, a distinctive linear zone of brecciated rock is formed

Question 45

burial metamorphism

Answer 45

Rocks are altered when they are buried so deeply that they are exposed to temperatures and pressures high enough to change their mineralogical composition

Question 46

rock

Answer 46

a natural solid that is inorganic and comprised of one or more minerals

Question 47

limestone

Answer 47

comprised of one mineral, CaCO3, or "Calcite"

Question 48

granite

Answer 48

igneous rock that is comprised of multiple minerals, such as quartz and feldspar

Question 49

felsic

Answer 49

less dense rocks

Question 50

mafic

Answer 50

more dense rocks

Question 51

CO2 + H2O

Answer 51

carbonic acid

Question 52

types of rocks

Answer 52

1. igneous 2. metamorphic 3. sedimentary

Question 53

What is limestone often used for?

Answer 53

building materials

Question 54

silica tetrahedron

Answer 54

one silicon surrounded by oxygen

Question 55

rocks of the Earth's crust ranked from least to most density

Answer 55

granite, basalt, gabbro, peridotite, iron-nickel alloy

Question 56

are continents less or more dense than the ocean crust

Answer 56

less, so they're basically floating

Question 57

Is density a specific number or relative?

Answer 57

Relative

Question 58

Felsic and mafic are mostly...

Answer 58

Igneous rocks

Question 59

Where do we only look for fossils?

Answer 59

Sedimentary rock

Question 60

Feldspar types

Answer 60

1. Orthoclase (K) 2. Anorthite (Ca) 3. Albite (Na)