Sedimentary Environments

Question 1

meandering rivers

Answer 1

not choked with sediment be
cause sediment is supplied to them slowly in relation to the
rate at which the water flows

Question 2

point bar

Answer 2

the current is so weak
that sediment is deposited rather than eroded, and it accu
mulates there to form…..

Question 3

floodplains

Answer 3

adjacent lowlands where fine settlement is caried to

Question 4

backswamps

Answer 4

moist vegetated areas

Question 5

natural levee

Answer 5

a gentle ridge made of sand and silt

Question 6

Walther’s law

Answer 6

states that when depositional
environments migrate laterally, sediments of one envi
ronment come to lie on top of sediments of an adjacent
environment.

Question 7

sedimentary cycles

Answer 7

composite units formed when a river migrates back and forth multiple times

Question 8

delta

Answer 8

The depositional body of sand, silt, and
clay that is formed when a river empties into a body of water.

Question 9

distributary channels

Answer 9

smaller channels that a larger channel branches into that radiate out into the mainland

Question 10

barrier islands

Answer 10

composed largely of clean sand piled up
by waves

Question 11

longshore currents

Answer 11

shallow currents that flow along the coast

Question 12

Lagoons

Answer 12

lie behind long barrier islands

Question 13

barrier
island–lagoon complex

Answer 13

A barrier island and the lagoon behind it

Question 14

tidal flats

Answer 14

depositional environments formed of sand or muddy sand

Question 15

tempestites

Answer 15

sandy beds that are usually a few
centimeters thick

Question 16

stromatolites

Answer 16

knobby intertidal structures

Question 17

sedimentary environments

Answer 17

a location at Earth’s surface that accumulates material through the movement of water, wind, ice, or by chemical process.

Question 18

cross bed

Answer 18

sedimentary structures that indicate the direction of movement for material

Question 19

sandstone

Answer 19

coarse, clastic, sedimentary rock

Question 20

weathering

Answer 20

mechanical or chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals

Question 21

erosion

Answer 21

removal of weathered material from its source

Question 22

lithification

Answer 22

process of converting sediments to sedimentary rock

Question 23

4 types of sedimentary rock

Answer 23

1. clastic
2. biochemical
3. organic
4. chemical

Question 24

clastic

Answer 24

bits and pieces of pre-existing rock material

Question 25

biochemical

Answer 25

an organism secrets calcium carbonate which create a hard rock.

Question 26

organic

Answer 26

made organically, like from coal or something like that

Question 27

chemical

Answer 27

from precipitation

Question 28

how coal is formed

Answer 28

1. before the dinosaurs, many giant plants died in swamps 2. over millions of years, the plants were buried under water and dirt 3. heat and pressure turned the dead plants into coal

Question 29

alluvial fan

Answer 29

sediments fan across the landscape

Question 30

subtidal

Answer 30

water

Question 31

intertidal

Answer 31

water/land mix

Question 32

supratidal

Answer 32

land

Question 33

coral reef

Answer 33

a type of biochemical sedimentary rock formation

Question 34

physical and chemical weathering

Answer 34

break up & dissolve rock

Question 35

Clastic sediments are [blank] when transport medium flows too slowly to keep them suspended

Answer 35

deposited