Misc

Question 1

Breast Screening:

• How long per breast?
• Size picked up none? SBE? CBE? Mam?
  1. ) Indication:
  2. ) Composition: 4 grades?
  3. ) findings: Soft tissue findings: Shape borders, density
• Calcifications: What is more concerning?
  4. ) Comparisons to previous studies
  5. ) Overall assessment: 0 - 6?
  6. ) Reccomendation
• Male breast cancer gene?
• Inner quad drains to? Upper outer?

Answer 1

• 3 minutes
• 4cm ; 2 cm; 1 cm; 5 mm
  1. ) Screening vs. diagnostic
  2. ) A= Fatty, scattered fibro; hetero dense; extremely dense
  3. ) Micro calcifications
  5. ) 0.) Incomplete; 1.) Negative; 2.) Benign; 3.) prob benign (

Question 2

Sperm:

• Disulfide linked histone to condense material?
• Axial fillament?
• Volume? Number? Motile? 3/4? Morph?
• Capacitation?
• Zona Pellucida: Made of? Sperm bind what? Interact with? How?
• Oocyte activation: 1.) Oocyte undergoes what? 2.) Exocytosis of what? Why? 3.) Oocyte glutathionic breaks what?

Answer 2

• Protamines
• 9+2 array of microtubules
• 2 ml; 20 million; 50%; 50%; 15%
• Capacity to undergo acrosome rxn
• Glycoprotein sheet zp1 - zp3; zp3; zp1/2; Fertilin protein
  1. ) M2; 2.) cortical granules to block other sperms 3.) protomine disulfide bonds

Question 3

Implantation:
- Blastocyst enters endo when?
- Trophoblasts invade called? Progesterone effects? (2)
- Hatching occurs on what day? Escapes what?
- Prep: Less estrogen effect? Less progesterone what?
- Effect of methotexate?
- BHCG made by? OTC preg test? Blood test? 1.5k-2k?
Stages:
1.) Apposition: Trophectoderm of blastocyst do what?
2.) Adhesion: Assoc between?
3.) Invasion: Invasion through?

Answer 3

• day 5/6
• Decidualization; High COX2/PGE2; High dNK cells
• 5; ZP
• Less prolif; less progesterone receptors
• No cell division
• syncitio; 4 weeks after cycle; 3 weeks; not intrauterine
  1. ) Line up with luminal epi
  2. ) Blastocyst and luminal epi
  3. ) Decidualization; luminal epi

Question 4

Parturtition:

• Unterine contractions are? (3)
• BF with contractions?
• Structure of the cervix with pregnancy?
• 4 Stages of clinical labor?
• 4 myometrial phases?
• Oxytocin receptors concentrated where?
• Myometrial inhibors? (2)
• Myometrial stimulants? (4)

Answer 4

• Sign, symptom, measurement
• No BF to the fetus
• Collagen 1/3 degraded by proteases
  1. ) Contraction to dilation 2.) Dilation to baby 3.) Baby to placenta 4.) 6 hours post delivery
  0. ) Quiescennce 1.) Activation 2.) Stimulation (clincal 1-3) 3.) Involution (clinical 4)
• Fundus of uterus
• CRH/ Progesterone
• CRH, Oxytocin, PG’s, Calcium

Question 5

Parturtition:

1. ) Effect of progesterone with quiescence? (2)
2. ) Effect of Oxytocin? (3)
3. ) PG: Acts how? Increases? Weakens what?
4. ) CRH: Stimulates? Induces?

Answer 5

1. ) Block MLCK, inactivate PG’s
2. ) Increase IC ca2+, Activate MLCK, activate PG’s
3. ) Paracrine; Ca2+; Amnion/chorion
4. ) Contraction; cortisol secretion for lungs

Question 6

Placenta:

• Vasculature? Shape? Interdigit? Barrier? BF?
• Chorionic villi occurs when?
• Interstital invasion?
• Endovascular invasion?
• Diffusion limited? Flow limited?
• Fetal O2 changes? (2)
• Immune cells in villous core? (2)
• Amniotic fluid critical for? (2)
• Polyhydraminos? (2)
• Oligo?

Answer 6

• Chorioallantoic; discoid; villous; hemochorial; multivillous
• 13-18
• Cytotroph invade endometrium and some myo
• Cyto invade uterine spiral arterioles
• Cross slowly; affected by membrane; fast effected by mothers BP
• Shift left; Increase pH and lower 2,3 DPG
• Hofbauer cells macs; maternal IgG
• MSK/ Lung devleopment
• Esophageal atresia/ NT defects
• Potters syndrome