Physiology

Question 1

1. ) Total body water:
   - Total body water? RBC volume? Overall?
   - CO? Water? Sodium? RAAS?
   - ANP/BNP? Causes? (2)
2. ) Cardiac: HR? CO? SCR? Due to? Avoid? PAP/MAP? Wedge pressure?
   - Oncotic pressure? Plasma volume? Take BP how?
   - Regional BF: Brain/liver? Breast/Skin/Uterus? Kidneys?
   - Venous pressure? Leads to? (3)
   - Valsalva does what? (3)

Answer 1

1. ) Increases by 2L; Increases; Hemodilution
   - Increases; Increases more than sodium; Increases
   - Increases; vasodilation to oppose RAAS
2. ) Increases; Increases; Decreases; Progesterone increases NO; vasodilators; Down; Same
   - Decreases; increases; Sitting
   - Same; more; much more
   - Increases; Edema; varicose; hemmerhoids
   - Increase intathroacic pressure; less venous return (preload); high SVR (afterload); increases Sympathetics to maintain CO

Question 2

3. ) Pulm: RR? VC? Ins. Cap? TV? IRV? FRC/ERV/RV/TLC? Minute vent? FEV1/FVC?
   - Respiratory? Metabolic? Ph? PO2? PCO2?HCO3-?
   - Progesterone effects what? Leads to?
   - Chest diameter? Diaphragm? Breathing?
   - Dyspnea? Asthmatics?
4. ) Renal: Hydronephrosis common on what side?
   - Bladder capacity? GFR? CrCL? GFR:RPF? BUN/CR?
   - Pts. with chronic renal issues? Increase risk for?

Answer 2

3. ) No change; no change; Up; Way up; down; up; no change
   - Alkalosis; MA; high; high; low; low
   - CO2 sensor in resp. center; hypervent
   - Bigger; up; more diaphragmatic; less costal
   - Common complaint; stay on meds
4. ) Right side
   - Decreases; Up; Up; Down; Down
   - Can worsen it; pre eclampsia

Question 3

5. ) Heme: Thrombo? Leukocytes?
   - DVT side? Risk of hemorrhage? C? S? 11/13?
   - Treatment early pregnancy? 36 weeks?
6. ) GI: Saliva? Stomach motility? GERD? PUD?
   - Effect of BHCG? Progesterone? Liver enzymes?
7. ) Derm: Hyperpigment due to? Stria gravidarum?

Answer 3

5. ) Low; high (Th2, low NK, low TH1)
   - Right; Down; same; down; down
   - LMW Heparin; Unfractionated
6. ) More; down; more; less
   - Nausea; Decrease motility; can increase
7. ) HCG stim melanocytes; stretch marks

Question 4

• Insulin sensitivty early? Later?
• Hormones that increase IR? (3)
• Gestation weight with high glucose?
• Baby with T1DM? Why?
• Erbs Palsy?
• TSH? What increase TBG? TT4/3? Fetus T4?
• Mom iodine consumption? Hyperthyroid feeling from?
• Hypothyroid issues? (3)
• Hyperthyroid issues? (3)
• What is post partum thyroiditis?

Answer 4

• Increase; Decrease
• TNFa, HPL, HPGH
• Increases
• Small; vascular issues
• C5-C6; MC, Suprascapular, Axillary
• Slight decrease; estrogen; Increases; mom for 1st trimester
• Increase; estrogen
• Neuro delay; preeclampsia; preterm
• Fetal tacky; IUGR; Prematurity
• Hyper to hypo

Question 5

• Renal: decrease osmo stat for? Leads to?
• Role of syncytiotropho? To who?
  1. ) HCG: Maintains what? a same as? (3) B? Regulates what invasion? Cyo to? Apop of? TSH activity? Leydig? Relaxin?
  2. ) HPL: Metabolic adjustments to? Main role?
  3. ) HPGH: Contributes to? Secreted how? Cross placenta?
  4. ) CRH: + role on?
  5. ) Progesterone: Maintain what? Dependent on? Dicidua? TH2? SM effect? What breast effect? SVR? Milk?
  6. ) Estrogen: Increases placental what? Clotting factors? Uterine BF? Pit size? Blood volume? TGs?

Answer 5

• Lower osmo stat for vasopressin; hyponatremia
• Hormone powerhouse; mom»»baby
  1. ) corpus luteum; LH, FSH, TSH; LH; tropho; syncytio; endo T cells; Produce tesosterone; lower SVR/ Increase GFR
  2. ) Deliver nutrients to baby; lactogen
  3. ) IR; tonically; no
  4. ) Parturitition
  5. ) Pregnancy; LDLR’s; formation; Increases; relaxant; Lobular development; Lower; inhibits secretion
  6. ) Aromatase; Increase all